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单词 liar
释义

liar

English

Alternative forms

  • lyar (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English lier, liere, lyere, liȝer, lieȝer, legher, from Old English lēgere, lēogere (“liar, false witness, hypocrite”), from Old English lēogan (“to lie, deceive, belie, betray, be in error, charge falsely”), equivalent to lie +‎ -ar. Cognate with Old High German liogāri, liugāri ("liar"; > Middle High German liegære, lieger (“liar”) > archaic German Lüger (“liar”)), Old Norse ljúgari ("liar"; > Icelandic lygari (“liar”)). Compare also German Lügner (“liar”), Swedish lögnare (“liar”). More at lie.

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈlaɪ.ə/
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈlaɪ.ɚ/
  • Rhymes: -aɪ.ə(ɹ)
  • Homophones: lyre, lier
  • Hyphenation: li‧ar

Noun

liar (plural liars)

  1. One who frequently tells lies.
    • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 15, in The China Governess‎:
      She paused and took a defiant breath. ‘If you don't believe me, I can't help it. But I'm not a liar.’ ¶ ‘No,’ said Luke, grinning at her. ‘You're not dull enough! […] What about the kid's clothes? I don't suppose they were anything to write home about, but didn't you keep anything? […]’
  2. (nautical, obsolete) A swabber responsible for cleaning the outside parts of the ship rather than the cabins, a role traditionally assigned to a person caught telling a lie the previous week.
    • 1703, Sir William Monson, Sir William Monson's Naval Tracts in Six Books (page 348)
      The Swabber is to keep the Cabbins, and all the Rooms of the Ship clean within board, and the Liar to do the like without board. The Liar holds his Place but for a week; and he that is first taken with a Lie upon a Monday morning, […] for that week he is under the Swabber, and meddles not with making clean the Ship within board, but without.
    • 2005, Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and Her Passengers (page 35)
      The swabber, perhaps the lowliest position on the ship, was responsible for cleaning the decks. By tradition, each Monday a new crewmember was appointed the liar—the first person caught telling a lie the previous week.

Synonyms

  • deceiver
  • fabricator
  • fabulist
  • fibber

Translations

Anagrams

  • Lair, aril, lair, lari, lira, rail, rial

Portuguese

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Old French lier, from Latin ligāre. Doublet of ligar and legar.

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /liˈa(ʁ)/ [lɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈlja(ʁ)/ [ˈlja(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /liˈa(ɾ)/ [lɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈlja(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /liˈa(ʁ)/ [lɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈlja(ʁ)/ [ˈlja(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /liˈa(ɻ)/ [lɪˈa(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈlja(ɻ)/
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈljaɾ/

Verb

liar (first-person singular present lio, first-person singular preterite liei, past participle liado) (transitive)

  1. to tie
    Synonyms: atar, amarrar
  2. to connect, to link
    Synonym: ligar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of liar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
SingularPlural
First-person
(eu)		Second-person
(tu)		Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		First-person
(nós)		Second-person
(vós)		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonalliar
Personalliarliaresliarliarmosliardesliarem
Gerund
liando
Past participle
Masculineliadoliados
Feminineliadaliadas
Indicative
Presentlioliaslialiamosliaisliam
Imperfectliavaliavasliavaliávamosliáveisliavam
Preteritelieiliasteliouliamos1, liámos2liastesliaram
Pluperfectliaraliarasliaraliáramosliáreisliaram
Futureliareiliarásliaráliaremosliareisliarão
Conditional
liarialiariasliarialiaríamosliaríeisliariam
Subjunctive
Presentlielieslieliemoslieisliem
Imperfectliasseliassesliasseliássemosliásseisliassem
Futureliarliaresliarliarmosliardesliarem
Imperative
Affirmativelialieliemosliailiem
Negative (não)não liesnão lienão liemosnão lieisnão liem

1Brazil.
2Portugal.

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin ligāre, present active infinitive of ligō, possibly through the intermediate of Old French lier in the Middle Ages, as it appeared relatively late in Spanish texts[1]. See also the doublet ligar, a semi-learned term, as well as the inherited Old Spanish form legar (“to tie, bind”) (in modern Spanish, this word survives as a rare regionalism, often with a specialized sense such as "tie or bind a sheep for shearing", or "to join together, unite").

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈljaɾ/ [ˈljaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: liar

Verb

liar (first-person singular present lío, first-person singular preterite lie, past participle liado)

  1. to bind, tie
  2. to wrap, wrap up
  3. to roll (a cigarette)
  4. (colloquial) to deceive, confuse
  5. (reflexive, colloquial, Spain) to french, snog, make out

Conjugation

    Conjugation of liar (i-í alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitiveliar
gerundliando
past participlemasculinefeminine
singularliadoliada
pluralliadosliadas
singularplural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
indicativeyotú
vos		él/ella/ello
usted		nosotros
nosotras		vosotros
vosotras		ellos/ellas
ustedes
presentlíolíastú
liasvos		líaliamosliaislían
imperfectliabaliabasliabaliábamosliabaisliaban
preteritelieliastelioliamosliasteisliaron
futureliaréliarásliaráliaremosliaréisliarán
conditionalliaríaliaríasliaríaliaríamosliaríaisliarían
subjunctiveyotú
vos		él/ella/ello
usted		nosotros
nosotras		vosotros
vosotras		ellos/ellas
ustedes
presentlíelíestú
liesvos2		líeliemoslieislíen
imperfect
(ra)		liaraliarasliaraliáramosliaraisliaran
imperfect
(se)		liaseliasesliaseliásemosliaseisliasen
future1liareliaresliareliáremosliareisliaren
imperative—tú
vos		ustednosotros
nosotras		vosotros
vosotras		ustedes
affirmativelíatú
liavos		líeliemosliadlíen
negativeno líesno líeno liemosno lieisno líen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of liar (i-í alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singularplural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
with infinitive liar
dativeliarmeliarteliarle, liarseliarnosliarosliarles, liarse
accusativeliarmeliarteliarlo, liarla, liarseliarnosliarosliarlos, liarlas, liarse
with gerund liando
dativeliándomeliándoteliándole, liándoseliándonosliándoosliándoles, liándose
accusativeliándomeliándoteliándolo, liándola, liándoseliándonosliándoosliándolos, liándolas, liándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative lía
dativelíamelíatelíalelíanosnot usedlíales
accusativelíamelíatelíalo, líalalíanosnot usedlíalos, líalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative lia
dativeliameliatelialelianosnot usedliales
accusativeliameliatelialo, lialalianosnot usedlialos, lialas
with formal second-person singular imperative líe
dativelíemenot usedlíele, líeselíenosnot usedlíeles
accusativelíemenot usedlíelo, líela, líeselíenosnot usedlíelos, líelas
with first-person plural imperative liemos
dativenot usedliémosteliémosleliémonosliémoosliémosles
accusativenot usedliémosteliémoslo, liémoslaliémonosliémoosliémoslos, liémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative liad
dativeliadmenot usedliadleliadnosliaosliadles
accusativeliadmenot usedliadlo, liadlaliadnosliaosliadlos, liadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative líen
dativelíenmenot usedlíenlelíennosnot usedlíenles, líense
accusativelíenmenot usedlíenlo, líenlalíennosnot usedlíenlos, líenlas, líense

Derived terms

  • liarla
  • liarlas
  • lío

References

  1. Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Further reading

  • “liar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Noun

liar

  1. indefinite plural of lie.

Anagrams

  • ilar, lira
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