amargar
Catalan
Etymology
From Late Latin amāricāre, present active infinitive of amāricō, from Latin amārus.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /ə.məɾˈɡa/
- (Central) IPA(key): /ə.mərˈɡa/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /a.maɾˈɡaɾ/
Verb
amargar (first-person singular present amargo, past participle amargat)
- (intransitive) to have a bitter taste
- 1950, Josep Pla, Bodegó amb peixos:
- El moixó és un peix petit, que menja la vegetació del litoral i amarga una mica; té el gust una mica acre de les pastures assolellades.
- The big-scale sand smelt is a small fish which eats littoral vegetation and tastes a little bitter; it has the slightly acrid flavour of sunny pastures.
-
- (transitive) to make bitter or sour
- (transitive, figurative) to embitter, to sour, to spoil
- 1963, Àngel Sánchez Gozalbo, Els Viciana i la nostra literatura:
- Amargada i afligida per la soptada mort del fill fadrí, Jaume de Viciana, la vídua de Rampston s'arrecera al costat de la filla casada Àngela i se'n va a València, no sense abans vendre el propi patrimoni i l'heretat del vincle a Castelló i Borriana.
- Embittered and afflicted by the sudden death of her unmarried son, Jaume de Viciana, Rampston's widow took shelter at the side of her married daughter Àngela and went to Valencia, not without first selling her own inheritance and that held in security to Castelló i Borriana.
-
Conjugation
Conjugation of amargar (first conjugation)
| infinitive | amargar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | amargant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | amargat | amargada | |||||
| plural | amargats | amargades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | amargo | amargues | amarga | amarguem | amargueu | amarguen | |
| imperfect | amargava | amargaves | amargava | amargàvem | amargàveu | amargaven | |
| future | amargaré | amargaràs | amargarà | amargarem | amargareu | amargaran | |
| preterite | amarguí | amargares | amargà | amargàrem | amargàreu | amargaren | |
| conditional | amargaria | amargaries | amargaria | amargaríem | amargaríeu | amargarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | amargui | amarguis | amargui | amarguem | amargueu | amarguin | |
| imperfect | amargués | amarguessis | amargués | amarguéssim | amarguéssiu | amarguessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | amarga | amargui | amarguem | amargueu | amarguin | ||
Related terms
- amarg
Further reading
- “amargar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Ladino
Verb
amargar (Latin spelling)
- to embitter, sadden
Related terms
- amargo
Portuguese
Etymology
From Late Latin amāricāre, from Latin amārus.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /a.maʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [a.maɦˈɡa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /a.maɾˈɡa(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /a.maʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [a.maʁˈɡa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /a.maɻˈɡa(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐ.mɐɾˈɡaɾ/ [ɐ.mɐɾˈɣaɾ]
Verb
amargar (first-person singular present amargo, first-person singular preterite amarguei, past participle amargado)
- to embitter (to cause to have an acrid taste)
- (figurative) to cause sorrow or grief
- Synonym: amargurar
- Antonym: desamargar
- (figurative) to wallow in sorrow or grief
Conjugation
Conjugation of amargar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | amargar | |||||
| Personal | amargar | amargares | amargar | amargarmos | amargardes | amargarem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| amargando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | amargado | amargados | ||||
| Feminine | amargada | amargadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | amargo | amargas | amarga | amargamos | amargais | amargam |
| Imperfect | amargava | amargavas | amargava | amargávamos | amargáveis | amargavam |
| Preterite | amarguei | amargaste | amargou | amargamos1, amargámos2 | amargastes | amargaram |
| Pluperfect | amargara | amargaras | amargara | amargáramos | amargáreis | amargaram |
| Future | amargarei | amargarás | amargará | amargaremos | amargareis | amargarão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| amargaria | amargarias | amargaria | amargaríamos | amargaríeis | amargariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | amargue | amargues | amargue | amarguemos | amargueis | amarguem |
| Imperfect | amargasse | amargasses | amargasse | amargássemos | amargásseis | amargassem |
| Future | amargar | amargares | amargar | amargarmos | amargardes | amargarem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | amarga | amargue | amarguemos | amargai | amarguem | |
| Negative (não) | não amargues | não amargue | não amarguemos | não amargueis | não amarguem | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:amargar.
Related terms
- amargo
- amargor
- amargoso
- armargura
Further reading
- “amargar” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Spanish
Etymology
From Late Latin amāricāre, present active infinitive of amāricō, from Latin amārus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /amaɾˈɡaɾ/ [a.maɾˈɣ̞aɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: a‧mar‧gar
Verb
amargar (first-person singular present amargo, first-person singular preterite amargué, past participle amargado)
- (transitive) to make bitter; embitter
- (reflexive) to go bitter, get bitter
Conjugation
Conjugation of amargar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | amargar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | amargando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | amargado | amargada | |||||
| plural | amargados | amargadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | amargo | amargastú amargásvos | amarga | amargamos | amargáis | amargan | |
| imperfect | amargaba | amargabas | amargaba | amargábamos | amargabais | amargaban | |
| preterite | amargué | amargaste | amargó | amargamos | amargasteis | amargaron | |
| future | amargaré | amargarás | amargará | amargaremos | amargaréis | amargarán | |
| conditional | amargaría | amargarías | amargaría | amargaríamos | amargaríais | amargarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | amargue | amarguestú amarguésvos2 | amargue | amarguemos | amarguéis | amarguen | |
| imperfect (ra) | amargara | amargaras | amargara | amargáramos | amargarais | amargaran | |
| imperfect (se) | amargase | amargases | amargase | amargásemos | amargaseis | amargasen | |
| future1 | amargare | amargares | amargare | amargáremos | amargareis | amargaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | amargatú amargávos | amargue | amarguemos | amargad | amarguen | ||
| negative | no amargues | no amargue | no amarguemos | no amarguéis | no amarguen | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of amargar (g-gu alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive amargar | |||||||
| dative | amargarme | amargarte | amargarle, amargarse | amargarnos | amargaros | amargarles, amargarse | |
| accusative | amargarme | amargarte | amargarlo, amargarla, amargarse | amargarnos | amargaros | amargarlos, amargarlas, amargarse | |
| with gerund amargando | |||||||
| dative | amargándome | amargándote | amargándole, amargándose | amargándonos | amargándoos | amargándoles, amargándose | |
| accusative | amargándome | amargándote | amargándolo, amargándola, amargándose | amargándonos | amargándoos | amargándolos, amargándolas, amargándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative amarga | |||||||
| dative | amárgame | amárgate | amárgale | amárganos | not used | amárgales | |
| accusative | amárgame | amárgate | amárgalo, amárgala | amárganos | not used | amárgalos, amárgalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative amargá | |||||||
| dative | amargame | amargate | amargale | amarganos | not used | amargales | |
| accusative | amargame | amargate | amargalo, amargala | amarganos | not used | amargalos, amargalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative amargue | |||||||
| dative | amárgueme | not used | amárguele, amárguese | amárguenos | not used | amárgueles | |
| accusative | amárgueme | not used | amárguelo, amárguela, amárguese | amárguenos | not used | amárguelos, amárguelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative amarguemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | amarguémoste | amarguémosle | amarguémonos | amarguémoos | amarguémosles | |
| accusative | not used | amarguémoste | amarguémoslo, amarguémosla | amarguémonos | amarguémoos | amarguémoslos, amarguémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative amargad | |||||||
| dative | amargadme | not used | amargadle | amargadnos | amargaos | amargadles | |
| accusative | amargadme | not used | amargadlo, amargadla | amargadnos | amargaos | amargadlos, amargadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative amarguen | |||||||
| dative | amárguenme | not used | amárguenle | amárguennos | not used | amárguenles, amárguense | |
| accusative | amárguenme | not used | amárguenlo, amárguenla | amárguennos | not used | amárguenlos, amárguenlas, amárguense | |
Derived terms
- amargado
- amargoso
Related terms
- amargo
Further reading
- “amargar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014