kernel
See also: kérnél
English
Almond fruit broken open, showing the edible kernel (sense 2).
Etymology
From Middle English kernel, kirnel, kürnel, from Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kurną (“seed, grain, corn”), equivalent to corn + -le. Cognate with Yiddish קערנדל (kerndl), Middle Dutch kernel, cornel, Middle High German kornel. Related also to Old Norse kjarni (“kernel”).
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈkɜːnəl/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈkɝnəl/
Audio (AU) (file) - Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nəl
- Homophone: colonel
Noun
kernel (plural kernels)
- The core, centre, or essence of an object or system.
- the kernel of an argument
- Synonyms: crux, gist
- (botany) The central (usually edible) part of a nut, especially once the hard shell has been removed.
- (botany) A single seed or grain, especially of corn or wheat.
- (botany, US) The stone of certain fruits, such as peaches or plums.
- A small mass around which other matter is concreted; a nucleus; a concretion or hard lump in the flesh.
- (computing) The central part of many computer operating systems which manages the system's resources and the communication between hardware and software components.
- Hyponyms: microkernel, unikernel
- Antonym: userland
- The Linux kernel is open-source.
- (computing) The core engine of any complex software system.
- (calculus) A function used to define an integral transform.
- The Dirichlet kernel convolved with a function yields its Fourier series approximation.
- (mathematics) A set of pairs of a mapping's domain which are mapped to the same value.
- (mathematics, linear algebra, functional analysis) For a given function (especially a linear map between vector spaces), the set of elements in the domain which are mapped to zero; (formally) given f : X → Y, the set {x ∈ X : f(x) = 0}.
- If a function is continuous then its kernel is a closed set.
- Antonym: support
- Meronyms: root, zero
- (mathematics, category theory) For a category with zero morphisms: the equalizer of a given morphism and the zero morphism which is parallel to that given morphism.
- (mathematics, fuzzy set theory) The set of members of a fuzzy set that are fully included (i.e., whose grade of membership is 1).
- (slang) The human clitoris.
- 2014, Karyn Gerrard, Irene Preston, Lotchie Burton et al, Summer Heat: 10 Spicy Romances That Sizzle
- Using the blunt end of one of the vibraphone mallets, he pried open her folds. With the balled end of the other, he rhythmically rolled over her kernel.
- 2014, Karyn Gerrard, Irene Preston, Lotchie Burton et al, Summer Heat: 10 Spicy Romances That Sizzle
- (chemistry) The nucleus and electrons of an atom excluding its valence electrons.
- 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis, “The Atom and The Molecule,” Journal of the American Chemical Society 38(4) p 768.
- 1. In every atom is an essential kernel which remains unaltered in all ordinary chemical changes and which possesses an excess of positive charges corresponding in number to the ordinal number of the group in the periodic table to which the element belongs.
- 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis, “The Atom and The Molecule,” Journal of the American Chemical Society 38(4) p 768.
Synonyms
- (core or essence): See also Thesaurus:gist
Derived terms
- cokernel
- kernel cowry, kernel cowrie (Nucleolaria nucleus)
- kernel function
- kernel hacker
- kernelization
- kernel of truth
- kernel space
- positive-definite kernel
Translations
core or essence of an object or system
|
central part of a nut
|
single seed of corn or wheat
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(US) stone of certain fruits, such as peaches or plums
|
(computing) central part of many computer operating systems
|
(mathematics, algebra) set of elements mapped to zero
|
(mathematics, fuzzy set theory) Set of members of a fuzzy set that are fully included
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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Verb
kernel (third-person singular simple present kernels, present participle (US) kerneling or (UK) kernelling, simple past and past participle (US) kerneled or (UK) kernelled)
- To enclose within a kernel
- To crenellate
Anagrams
- kleren
Hungarian
Etymology
From English kernel. [1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkɛrnɛl]
- Hyphenation: ker‧nel
- Rhymes: -ɛl
Noun
kernel (plural kernelek)
- (computing) kernel (the central part of many computer operating systems)
- Synonym: rendszermag
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kernel | kernelek |
| accusative | kernelt | kerneleket |
| dative | kernelnek | kerneleknek |
| instrumental | kernellel | kernelekkel |
| causal-final | kernelért | kernelekért |
| translative | kernellé | kernelekké |
| terminative | kernelig | kernelekig |
| essive-formal | kernelként | kernelekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | kernelben | kernelekben |
| superessive | kernelen | kerneleken |
| adessive | kernelnél | kerneleknél |
| illative | kernelbe | kernelekbe |
| sublative | kernelre | kernelekre |
| allative | kernelhez | kernelekhez |
| elative | kernelből | kernelekből |
| delative | kernelről | kernelekről |
| ablative | kerneltől | kernelektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | kernelé | kerneleké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | kerneléi | kernelekéi |
| Possessive forms of kernel | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | kernelem | kerneleim |
| 2nd person sing. | kerneled | kerneleid |
| 3rd person sing. | kernele | kernelei |
| 1st person plural | kernelünk | kerneleink |
| 2nd person plural | kerneletek | kerneleitek |
| 3rd person plural | kernelük | kerneleik |
References
- Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Middle English
Alternative forms
- cernel, curnel, kernell, kirnel, karnel, kurnel, kurnele, kyrnel, kyrnell, cornel
Etymology
From Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil; equivalent to corn + -el (agentive suffix). Some forms are influenced by corn.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɛrnəl/, /ˈkirnəl/, /ˈkurnəl/, /ˈkɔrnəl/
Noun
kernel (plural kerneles)
- The seed, grain or stone of a fruit or nut.
- (by extension) A granule; a small grain, flake, or ball.
- (figurative) The fundamental, superior or essential part.
- (anatomy) An organ responsible for production of substances.
- (medicine) A distended organ or growth.
Derived terms
- kernellen
- kirnelly
Descendants
- English: kernel
- Scots: kirnel; churnel
References
- “kirnel, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-06.
Old French
Alternative forms
- crenel
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
Noun
kernel m (oblique plural kerneaus or kerneax or kerniaus or kerniax or kernels, nominative singular kerneaus or kerneax or kerniaus or kerniax or kernels, nominative plural kernel)
- crenel (space in a battlement from which weapons may be used on an incoming enemy)
Descendants
- → English: crenel
- French: créneau
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (crenel, supplement)
Portuguese
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from English kernel.
Noun
kernel m (plural kernels)
- (computing) kernel (central part of certain operating systems)
- (calculus) kernel (a function used to define an integral transform)
- (algebra) kernel (set of elements mapped to zero)
Synonyms
- núcleo