jūs
See also: jus, JUs, Jus, ĵus, and jus'
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *yu-, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”). The non-nominative forms were re-formed, following the paradigm of u-stems: a new accusative *júns > jūs, a new genitive *jūsōn > jūsu (cf. Old Prussian iouson), and a new dative *jūmus > *jumus > jums. Cognates include Lithuanian jūs, Old Prussian ioūs, iaūs, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam) (< *yūš-).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [jūːs]
| (file) |
Pronoun
jūs
- you; accusative plural form of jūs
jūs (personal, 2nd person plural)
- you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee and other people
- kur jūs, zēni, bijāt? ― where, boys, were you?
- steidzieties, jūs jau gaida! ― hurry up, they are already waiting for you!
- kurš no jums ir vecāks: Birkenbaums, Gulbis vai Jānis? ― which of you is the oldest: Birkenbaums, Gulbis, or Jānis?
- esat, Birutiņ, un tu, Ansi... esat mani bērni, tikai es neesmu jūsu īstais tēvs ― you are, Birutiņa, and you, Ansis... you
- (formal) you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized
- būt uz jūs (ar kādu), uzrunāt (kādu) ar jūs ― to be on jūs (with someone), to address (someone) with, as jūs
- (Ilga:) āgrāk jūs tā nerunājāt... (Marts:) jūs toreiz bijāt maza meitene un nekā nesapratāt ― (Ilga:) you, sir, didn't talk like that before... (Marts:) you, madam, were then a small girl and didn't understand anything
- pateicos par Jūsu palīdzību ― I thank (you) for your help
- Kalniņa kungs, vai Jums šis jautājums ir skaidrs? ― Mr Kalniņš, is this question clear to you?
Declension
declension of jūs
| nominative (nominatīvs) | jūs |
|---|---|
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | jūs |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | jūsu |
| dative (datīvs) | jums |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | jums |
| locative (lokatīvs) | jūsos |
Related terms
- jūsējs
See also
- vietniekvārds
- Personal pronouns (personu vietniekvārdi):
es - tu - viņš - viņa - mēs - jūs - viņi - viņas
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “jūs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *yu-, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”).
Pronoun
jūs
- (second-person singular, formal) you
- (second-person plural) you
Declension
declension of jūs
| singular | dual | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | tù | jùdu m, jùdvi f | jū̃s | ||
| genitive | tavę̃s | jùdviejų | jū́sų | ||
| dative | táu | jùdviem | jùms | ||
| accusative | tavè | jùdu m, jùdvi f | jùs | ||
| instrumental | tavimì, tavim̃ | jùdviem | jumìs | ||
| locative | tavyjè, tavỹ | jùdviese | jumysè |
See also
Lithuanian personal pronouns
| singular (vienaskaita) | dual (dviskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | reflexive (sangrąžiniai) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) | 2nd person (antrasis asmuo) | 3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||||||
| m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||||||||||
| nominative (vardininkas) | àš | tù | jìs, jisaĩ | jì, jinaĩ | mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu, jiẽdu | jiẽdvi | mẽs | jū̃s | jiẽ | jõs | - | ||||
| genitive (kilmininkas) | manę̃s | tavę̃s | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | savę̃s | ||||||||
| dative (naudininkas) | mán | táu | jám | jái | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mùms | jùms | jíems | jóms | sáu | |||||||
| accusative (galininkas) | manè | tavè | jį̃ | ją̃ | mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu | jiẽdvi | mùs | jùs | juõs | jàs | savè | ||||
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | manimì, manim̃ | tavimì, tavim̃ | juõ | jà | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mumìs | jumìs | jaĩs | jomìs | savimì, savim̃ | |||||||
| locative (vietininkas) | manyjè, manỹ | tavyjè, tavỹ | jamè | jojè | mùdviese | jùdviese | jiẽdviese | mumysè | jumysè | juosè | josè | savyjè, savỹ | |||||||
| possessive (savybiniai) | màno | tàvo | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | sàvo | ||||||||
Old Prussian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *yu-, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”).
Pronoun
jūs (singular tū)
- you, the second person plural pronoun