jūra
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Baltic *jáuˀrāˀ ~ *jū́ˀrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-, *ūr- with an added initial y, from *aw-, *awe- (“to wet, to moisten, to flow”) with a suffix -r. The initial *y may result from metathesis in *awer- (> *h₂wer-, *eur-), or from the influence of some other Proto-Indo-European root like *(e)rey-, *(e)rew- (“to flow”) (metathesized into *ewr-). The original meaning was thus “wet, swampy place” (cf. Lithuanian jáuris (“swamp”) < Proto-Baltic *jaur-), whence “lake” (still attested in old folk tales, and also in borrowings into Finnic: Livonian jõra, Estonian järv, Finnish järvi, Sami jaura, jawre, jávri) and finally “sea.” Cognates include Lithuanian jū́ra, dialectal jūrė, plural jū́ros, jū́rios, jū́rės (cf. Latvian dialectal jūre, jūris, plural jūres), Old Prussian iūrin, *jūren, *jūrʲai, Armenian ջուր (ǰur, “water”), Albanian hurdë (“deep place; pond; swamp”); without the initial *y, also Old Norse úr (“drizzle”), ȳra (“to drizzle”), Latin ūrīnō (“to dive, to plunge into water”), ūrīna (“urine”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [jūːɾa]
| (file) |
Noun
jūra f (4th declension)
- (geography) sea (large body of salty water)
- Baltijas jūra ― Baltic Sea
- Melnā jūra ― Black Sea
- jūras krasts, ūdens, vējš ― sea coast, water, wind
- peldēt jūrā ― to swim in the sea
- jūras slimība ― sea sickness
- iziet jūrā ― to go on sea, to sail, to set off
- virs, zem jūrās līmeņa ― above, below sea level
- (astronomy) sea (dark areas on the surface of the Moon or other natural satellites)
- mēness jūra ― moon mare
- (figuratively) very large quantity or amount (of something)
- ziedu jūra ― sea of flowers
- liesmu jūra ― sea of flames
Declension
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | jūra | jūras |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | jūru | jūras |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | jūras | jūru |
| dative (datīvs) | jūrai | jūrām |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | jūru | jūrām |
| locative (lokatīvs) | jūrā | jūrās |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | jūra | jūras |
Derived terms
- jūras lauva
- jūrnieks, jūrniece
See also
- ezers
- okeāns
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “jūra”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈjuːrɐ]
Noun
jū́ra f (plural jū́ros) stress pattern 1
- sea
Declension
| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (vardininkas) | jū́ra | jū́ros |
| genitive (kilmininkas) | jū́ros | jū́rų |
| dative (naudininkas) | jū́rai | jū́roms |
| accusative (galininkas) | jū́rą | jū́ras |
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | jū́ra | jū́romis |
| locative (vietininkas) | jū́roje | jū́rose |
| vocative (šauksmininkas) | jū́ra | jū́ros |
See also
- mãrios f
Samogitian
Noun
jūra f (plural jūras)
- sea