jó
See also: Appendix:Variations of "jo"
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈjoː]
audio (file) - Rhymes: -joː
Etymology 1
From Proto-Ugric *jomɜ ~ *jamɜ (“good”). Cognates include Mansi ёмас (ëmas, “good, right, nice”)[1][2] and possibly also Erzya ён (jon, “good, right, nice”).
Adjective
jó (comparative jobb, superlative legjobb)
- good (good for something (can be used for) -ra/-re, good at something -ban/-ben, good for someone (positively affects) -nak/-nek, good to someone [e.g. helping, caring] -hoz/-hez/-höz)
- See synonyms at Thesaurus:jó.
- Antonym: rossz
- (used with ideje/ideig, darab, adag, néhány and some other fixed phrases) quite (some), fair (amount of…), considerable, significant, hefty, sizeable
- Synonyms: jókora, jelentős
- Jó ideje vándorolt már. ― He had been on his way for quite some time.
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | jó | jók |
| accusative | jót | jókat |
| dative | jónak | jóknak |
| instrumental | jóval | jókkal |
| causal-final | jóért | jókért |
| translative | jóvá | jókká |
| terminative | jóig | jókig |
| essive-formal | jóként | jókként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | jóban | jókban |
| superessive | jón | jókon |
| adessive | jónál | jóknál |
| illative | jóba | jókba |
| sublative | jóra | jókra |
| allative | jóhoz | jókhoz |
| elative | jóból | jókból |
| delative | jóról | jókról |
| ablative | jótól | jóktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | jóé | jóké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | jóéi | jókéi |
Derived terms
Terms derived from the jav- stem variant [see below]
- java
- javak
- javasol
- javában
- javít
- javul
Terms derived from jobb (“better”)
- jobbágy
Terms derived from the jó- stem variant
- jog
- jócskán
- jóformán
- jókor
- jókora
- jól
- jós
- jóság
Compound words
- jóban-rosszban
- jóbarát
- jóformán
- jóhiszemű
- jóindulat → jóindulatú
- jóízű
- jókedv
- jóképű
- jólét
- jómaga
- jómódú
- jópofa
- jórészt
- jószívű
- jótanács
- jótékony
- jótét, jótett, jótevő
Expressions (excluding greetings)
- bajban ismerszik meg a jó barát
- ha nincs ló, jó a szamár is
- jó bornak nem kell cégér
- jóból is megárt a sok
- jónak lát
- jó pap holtig tanul
- jótett helyébe jót várj
- minden jó, ha a vége jó
- minden rosszban van valami jó
- mindenütt jó, de legjobb otthon
- sok jó ember kis helyen is elfér
Greetings
- jó éjszakát (kívánok)
- jó étvágyat (kívánok)
- jó napot (kívánok)
- jó reggelt (kívánok)
- jó szerencsét
- jó utat
- (szép) jó estét (kívánok)
Noun
jó (plural jók or javak)
- good thing or person
- Még a jóktól is elvették a javaikat.
- Even the good ones were deprived of their possessions.
- (literally, “Even from the good ones too they took away their goods.”)
- B (an academic grade, better than a C and worse than an A) (Uses only the "jó-" stem, not "jav-".)
- (plural only) goods, possessions, assets (see at javak)
Usage notes
The 5-point grade system in Hungary:
- jeles (“excellent”) or ötös (“five”), like English A
- jó (“good”) or négyes (“four”), approx. like English B
- közepes (“fair, satisfactory”) or hármas (“three”), approx. like English C
- elégséges (“pass, sufficient”) or kettes (“two”), approx. like English D
- elégtelen (“fail, insufficient”) or egyes (“one”), approx. like English F
Declension
In the senses “good thing or person” and “B (academic grade)”:
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | jó | jók |
| accusative | jót | jókat |
| dative | jónak | jóknak |
| instrumental | jóval | jókkal |
| causal-final | jóért | jókért |
| translative | jóvá | jókká |
| terminative | jóig | jókig |
| essive-formal | jóként | jókként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | jóban | jókban |
| superessive | jón | jókon |
| adessive | jónál | jóknál |
| illative | jóba | jókba |
| sublative | jóra | jókra |
| allative | jóhoz | jókhoz |
| elative | jóból | jókból |
| delative | jóról | jókról |
| ablative | jótól | jóktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | jóé | jóké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | jóéi | jókéi |
| Possessive forms of jó | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | jóm | jóim |
| 2nd person sing. | jód | jóid |
| 3rd person sing. | jója | jói |
| 1st person plural | jónk | jóink |
| 2nd person plural | jótok | jóitok |
| 3rd person plural | jójuk | jóik |
In the sense “goods, possessions, assets”:
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | — | javak |
| accusative | — | javakat |
| dative | — | javaknak |
| instrumental | — | javakkal |
| causal-final | — | javakért |
| translative | — | javakká |
| terminative | — | javakig |
| essive-formal | — | javakként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | — | javakban |
| superessive | — | javakon |
| adessive | — | javaknál |
| illative | — | javakba |
| sublative | — | javakra |
| allative | — | javakhoz |
| elative | — | javakból |
| delative | — | javakról |
| ablative | — | javaktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | — | javaké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | — | javakéi |
| Possessive forms of jó | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | — | javaim |
| 2nd person sing. | — | javaid |
| 3rd person sing. | — | javai |
| 1st person plural | — | javaink |
| 2nd person plural | — | javaitok |
| 3rd person plural | — | javaik |
Derived terms
Compound words
- közjó
Interjection
jó
- alright, okay, fine
Adverb
jó (not comparable)
- (informal) quite, pretty
- Jó nagy halat fogtál! ― You've caught a pretty big fish!
Etymology 2
From Proto-Uralic *joke[3]. Cognates include Mansi я̄ (â̄, “river”), Finnish joki (“river”), Estonian jõgi (“river”), Karelian jogi (“river”), Veps jogi (“river”). Replaced by folyó.
Noun
jó (plural jók)
- (obsolete) river (occurs in compound proper names, such as Sajó, Berettyó, Héjő)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | jó | jók |
| accusative | jót | jókat |
| dative | jónak | jóknak |
| instrumental | jóval | jókkal |
| causal-final | jóért | jókért |
| translative | jóvá | jókká |
| terminative | jóig | jókig |
| essive-formal | jóként | jókként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | jóban | jókban |
| superessive | jón | jókon |
| adessive | jónál | jóknál |
| illative | jóba | jókba |
| sublative | jóra | jókra |
| allative | jóhoz | jókhoz |
| elative | jóból | jókból |
| delative | jóról | jókról |
| ablative | jótól | jóktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | jóé | jóké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | jóéi | jókéi |
| Possessive forms of jó | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | jóm | jóim |
| 2nd person sing. | jód | jóid |
| 3rd person sing. | jója | jói |
| 1st person plural | jónk | jóink |
| 2nd person plural | jótok | jóitok |
| 3rd person plural | jójuk | jóik |
References
- ^ Géza Bárczi, Magyar szófejtő szótár, Trezor Kiadó, 1991, →ISBN
- ^ Starostin's Uralic Database, Entry #1782
- Entry #1760 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
- jó in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- Entry #186 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
Further reading
- jó in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Kpee
Noun
jó
- water
References
- V Vydrin, On the Problem of the Proto-Mande Homeland (JOLR, 2009)
Middle Vietnamese
Verb
jó
- Alternative spelling of gió
References
- De Rhodes, Alexandre (1651), “jó”, Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum.
Navajo
Interjection
jó
- well, you see, you know, as you know
- Jó, nizhóní! ― Well, that’s nice.
- Jó, ákótʼé. ― that’s the way it is.
Conjunction
jó
- since
Noone
Verb
jó
- hear
References
- R. Blench, Beboid Comparative
Old Norse
Noun
jó
- accusative singular of jór
Seenku
Noun
jó
- water
References
- V Vydrin, On the Problem of the Proto-Mande Homeland (JOLR, 2009)