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单词 urban
释义

urban

See also: Urban

English

Etymology

From Middle French urbain, from Latin urbanus, from urbs (“city”). Doublet of urbane.

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈɜːbən/
  • Audio (RP)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)bən
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈɝbən/
  • Hyphenation: ur‧ban

Adjective

urban (comparative more urban, superlative most urban)

  1. Related to the (or any) city.
    urban life
    urban traffic
    • 2013 May 10, Audrey Garric, “Urban canopies let nature bloom”, in The Guardian Weekly‎, volume 188, number 22, page 30:
      As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field. In Paris 22 hectares of roof have been planted, out of a potential total of 80 hectares.
  2. Characteristic of city life.
  3. (US, proscribed, outdated) Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music.
  4. (US, UK, euphemistic, offensive) (of inhabitants or residents) Black; African American.

Usage notes

  • The word "urban" in a musical context came to be controversial and it was described as perpetuating and reinforcing the racial stereotyping of black communities, especially black musicians,[1] and as a "catchall for music created by Black artists, regardless of genre", leading to the music industry's replacement of it with more appropriate terms.[2]
  • "Urban" as a descriptor of black inhabitants or residents is an offensive and stereotypical usage; see Dictionary.com's "Historical usage of urban" for the explanation.[3]

Antonyms

  • nonurban
  • rural
  • bucolic

Derived terms

  • cyburban
  • urban crawl
  • urban culture
  • urban district
  • urban fabric
  • urbanism
  • urbanist
  • urbanite
  • urbanity
  • urbanization, urbanisation
  • urbanize, urbanise
  • urban legend
  • urban prairie
  • urban renewal
  • urban sanitary district
  • urban sprawl

Translations

See also

  • Urbanus

References

  • Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967
  • urban at OneLook Dictionary Search
  • urban in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
  • urban in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
  1. Kehinde Andrews (14 August 2018), “'Urban' sounds: it's time to stop using this hackneyed term for black music”, in The Guardian‎: “Industry executives are increasingly railing against the word, which is born out of racial stereotyping of black communities.”
  2. Sophie Lewis (11 June 2020), “Grammy Awards renames controversial "urban" category”, in CBS News‎: “The Grammys has announced that it is dropping the term "urban" from its awards show following criticism from black artists.”
  3. Urban‎, Dictionary.com, 2012: “5 Offensive. (used as a euphemism for Black or African American, rather than in reference to cities or their residents)”

Anagrams

  • Braun, Buran, Rabun, aburn, buran, unabr., unbar

Esperanto

Adjective

urban

  1. accusative singular of urba

German

Etymology

From Latin urbanus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʊʁˈbaːn/, [ʊɐ̯ˈbaːn]
  • Rhymes: -aːn
  • Audio(file)

Adjective

urban (strong nominative masculine singular urbaner, comparative urbaner, superlative am urbansten)

  1. urban
    Synonym: städtisch

Declension

Positive forms of urban
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist urbansie ist urbanes ist urbansie sind urban
strong declension
(without article)		nominativeurbanerurbaneurbanesurbane
genitiveurbanenurbanerurbanenurbaner
dativeurbanemurbanerurbanemurbanen
accusativeurbanenurbaneurbanesurbane
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder urbanedie urbanedas urbanedie urbanen
genitivedes urbanender urbanendes urbanender urbanen
dativedem urbanender urbanendem urbanenden urbanen
accusativeden urbanendie urbanedas urbanedie urbanen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein urbanereine urbaneein urbanes(keine) urbanen
genitiveeines urbaneneiner urbaneneines urbanen(keiner) urbanen
dativeeinem urbaneneiner urbaneneinem urbanen(keinen) urbanen
accusativeeinen urbaneneine urbaneein urbanes(keine) urbanen
Comparative forms of urban
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist urbanersie ist urbaneres ist urbanersie sind urbaner
strong declension
(without article)		nominativeurbanererurbanereurbaneresurbanere
genitiveurbanerenurbanererurbanerenurbanerer
dativeurbaneremurbanererurbaneremurbaneren
accusativeurbanerenurbanereurbaneresurbanere
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder urbaneredie urbaneredas urbaneredie urbaneren
genitivedes urbanerender urbanerendes urbanerender urbaneren
dativedem urbanerender urbanerendem urbanerenden urbaneren
accusativeden urbanerendie urbaneredas urbaneredie urbaneren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein urbanerereine urbanereein urbaneres(keine) urbaneren
genitiveeines urbanereneiner urbanereneines urbaneren(keiner) urbaneren
dativeeinem urbanereneiner urbanereneinem urbaneren(keinen) urbaneren
accusativeeinen urbanereneine urbanereein urbaneres(keine) urbaneren
Superlative forms of urban
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist am urbanstensie ist am urbanstenes ist am urbanstensie sind am urbansten
strong declension
(without article)		nominativeurbansterurbansteurbanstesurbanste
genitiveurbanstenurbansterurbanstenurbanster
dativeurbanstemurbansterurbanstemurbansten
accusativeurbanstenurbansteurbanstesurbanste
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder urbanstedie urbanstedas urbanstedie urbansten
genitivedes urbanstender urbanstendes urbanstender urbansten
dativedem urbanstender urbanstendem urbanstenden urbansten
accusativeden urbanstendie urbanstedas urbanstedie urbansten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein urbanstereine urbansteein urbanstes(keine) urbansten
genitiveeines urbansteneiner urbansteneines urbansten(keiner) urbansten
dativeeinem urbansteneiner urbansteneinem urbansten(keinen) urbansten
accusativeeinen urbansteneine urbansteein urbanstes(keine) urbansten

Further reading

  • “urban” in Duden online
  • “urban” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin urbanus.

Adjective

urban (neuter singular urbant, definite singular and plural urbane)

  1. urban
  2. urbane

References

  • “urban” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin urbanus.

Adjective

urban (neuter singular urbant, definite singular and plural urbane)

  1. urban
  2. urbane

References

  • “urban” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Piedmontese

Alternative forms

  • ürban

Etymology

From Latin urbānus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /yrˈbaŋ/

Adjective

urban

  1. urban

Romanian

Etymology

From French urbain, from Latin urbanus.

Adjective

urban m or n (feminine singular urbană, masculine plural urbani, feminine and neuter plural urbane)

  1. urbane

Declension
Declension of urban
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite urban urbană urbani urbane
definite urbanul urbana urbanii urbanele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite urban urbane urbani urbane
definite urbanului urbanei urbanilor urbanelor
  • urbanitate

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ûrbaːn/
  • Hyphenation: ur‧ban

Adjective

ȕrbān (definite ȕrbānī, Cyrillic spelling у̏рба̄н)

  1. urban

Declension

indefinite forms
singularmasculinefeminineneuter
nominativeurbanurbanaurbano
genitiveurbanaurbaneurbana
dativeurbanuurbanojurbanu
accusativeinanimate
animate		urban
urbana		urbanuurbano
vocativeurbanurbanaurbano
locativeurbanuurbanojurbanu
instrumentalurbanimurbanomurbanim
pluralmasculinefeminineneuter
nominativeurbaniurbaneurbana
genitiveurbanihurbanihurbanih
dativeurbanim(a)urbanim(a)urbanim(a)
accusativeurbaneurbaneurbana
vocativeurbaniurbaneurbana
locativeurbanim(a)urbanim(a)urbanim(a)
instrumentalurbanim(a)urbanim(a)urbanim(a)
definite forms
singularmasculinefeminineneuter
nominativeurbaniurbanaurbano
genitiveurbanog(a)urbaneurbanog(a)
dativeurbanom(u/e)urbanojurbanom(u/e)
accusativeinanimate
animate		urbani
urbanog(a)		urbanuurbano
vocativeurbaniurbanaurbano
locativeurbanom(e/u)urbanojurbanom(e/u)
instrumentalurbanimurbanomurbanim
pluralmasculinefeminineneuter
nominativeurbaniurbaneurbana
genitiveurbanihurbanihurbanih
dativeurbanim(a)urbanim(a)urbanim(a)
accusativeurbaneurbaneurbana
vocativeurbaniurbaneurbana
locativeurbanim(a)urbanim(a)urbanim(a)
instrumentalurbanim(a)urbanim(a)urbanim(a)

Slovene

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin urbānus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /urbáːn/

Adjective

urbȃn (not comparable)

  1. urban

Inflection

Hard
masculinefeminineneuter
nom. sing.urbánurbánaurbáno
singular
masculinefeminineneuter
nominativeurbán ind
urbáni def		urbánaurbáno
genitiveurbánegaurbáneurbánega
dativeurbánemuurbániurbánemu
accusativenominativeinan or
genitiveanim		urbánourbáno
locativeurbánemurbániurbánem
instrumentalurbánimurbánourbánim
dual
masculinefeminineneuter
nominativeurbánaurbániurbáni
genitiveurbánihurbánihurbánih
dativeurbánimaurbánimaurbánima
accusativeurbánaurbániurbáni
locativeurbánihurbánihurbánih
instrumentalurbánimaurbánimaurbánima
plural
masculinefeminineneuter
nominativeurbániurbáneurbána
genitiveurbánihurbánihurbánih
dativeurbánimurbánimurbánim
accusativeurbáneurbáneurbána
locativeurbánihurbánihurbánih
instrumentalurbánimiurbánimiurbánimi

Synonyms

  • mésten

Further reading

  • “urban”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
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