jb
See also: JB
English
Noun
jb (usually uncountable, plural jbs)
- Initialism of jailbait.
Anagrams
- B.J., BJ, bj
Chinese
Pronunciation
Noun
jb
- Initialism of 雞巴 (jībā).
Egyptian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Afroasiatic *lib- (“heart”), cognate with Proto-Semitic *libb-[1] and Proto-Berber *ulβ.
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /jib/ → /jib/ → /ʔep/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /ib/
- Conventional anglicization: ib
Noun
|
m
- heart
- mind
- c. 1292-1189 BCE, (19th Dynasty), Papyrus Chester Beatty V, The Hymn to the Nile flood:[2][3]
- smn mꜣꜥt m jbw rmṯ […]
- Truth is fixed in the minds of men […]
- c. 1292-1189 BCE, (19th Dynasty), Papyrus Chester Beatty V, The Hymn to the Nile flood:[2][3]
- mental faculties
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 13–17:
- jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k jḫ wšb.k wšd.t(w).k mdw.k n nswt jb.k m-ꜥ.k wšb.k nn njtjt
- Wash yourself, put water on your fingers,
so you might answer when you are addressed, speak to the king with your mind in your possession, and answer without stammering.
- intention, will
- c. 1552 BCE, Kamose, Carnarvon Tablet I (Cairo JE 41790):
- jb.j r nḥm kmt ḥ(w)t ꜥꜣmw
- My intention is to save Egypt and smite the Asiatics.
- c. 1552 BCE, Kamose, Carnarvon Tablet I (Cairo JE 41790):
- appetite, will or desire for gratification
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.8–1.9:
- jr swrj.k ḥnꜥ tḫw šzp.k jw jb.f ḥtp.w
- If you drink with a drunkard, you should partake when his heart is satisfied.
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.11–1.12:
- ḫr (tw)r n(j) ḥr r dfꜣ jb jmꜣ n.f kꜣhs r mwt.f
- One who is averted of face against feeding the heart (i.e. one who doesn’t indulge himself), the harsh man has to be more kindly to him than his (own) mother.[4]
- emotional state
Inflection
Declension of jb (masculine)
| singular | jb |
|---|---|
| dual | jbwj |
| plural | jbw |
Synonyms
- (heart, mind): ḥꜣtj
Derived terms
- ꜣwj-jb
- ꜣwt-jb
- ꜣms-jb
- ꜣḫ jb
- ꜣḫ m jb
- ꜣs jb
- ꜣd jb r
- jmj jb
- ꜥwn-jb
- ꜥm jb
- ꜥḏ-jb
- wꜣḥ jb
- wbꜣ jb
- wnf jb
- wḏꜣ jb
- n jb n
- nfr jb
- r-jb
- rqj jb
- rḏj jb m sꜣ (“be concerned about”)
- rḏj jb ḫnt (“focus on”)
- rḏj m jb (“work out”)
- ḥrj jb
- ḥr jb
- ẖꜣk-jb
- swḏꜣ jb
- st-jb
- stẖ-pr-jb.sn
- kfꜣ-jb
Verb
|
2-lit.
- (intransitive) to wish, to intend (+ r: to wish to, to intend to)
- (transitive) to think, to suppose
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 57–59:
- jb.kw wꜣw pw n(j) wꜣḏ-wr
- I thought, ‘It is a wave of the sea.’
Inflection
Conjugation of jb (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: jb, geminated stem: jbb
| infinitival forms | imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | negatival complement | complementary infinitive1 | singular | plural |
| jb | jbw, jb | jbt | jb, j.jb | jb, j.jb |
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| stative stem | periphrastic imperfective2 | periphrastic prospective2 | |
| jb | ḥr jb | m jb | r jb |
| suffix conjugation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aspect / mood | active | passive | contingent | ||
| aspect / mood | active | passive | |||
| perfect | jb.n | jbw, jb | consecutive | jb.jn | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
| active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||||
| terminative | jbt | ||||
| perfective3 | jb | active + .tj1, .tw2 | obligative1 | jb.ḫr | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
| imperfective | jb, j.jb1 | active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||
| prospective3 | jb | jbb | potentialis1 | jb.kꜣ | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
| active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||||
| subjunctive | jb, j.jb1 | active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||
| verbal adjectives | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aspect / mood | relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms | participles | ||
| active | passive | active | passive | |
| perfect | jb.n | active + .tj1, .tw2 | — | — |
| perfective | jb | active + .tj1, .tw2 | jb | jbb, jbbj6, jb2, jbw2 5, jby2 5 |
| imperfective | j.jb1, jb, jby, jbw5 | active + .tj1, .tw2 | j.jb1, j.jbw1 5, jb, jbj6, jby6 | jb, jbw5 |
| prospective | jb, jbtj7 | — | jbtj4, jbt4 | |
| ||||
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jb
|
| |||||||||
| jb | jb |
Etymology 2
perfective active participle of jbj (“to be(come) thirsty”)
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /ib/
- Conventional anglicization: ib
Noun
|
m
- thirsty man
Inflection
Declension of jb (masculine)
| singular | jb |
|---|---|
| dual | jbwj |
| plural | jbw |
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jb
| ||||||
| jb |
References
- Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
- Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 59.10–60.13, 61.11, 61.15
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 166, 388, 456 page 81, 166, 388, 456.
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 31
- Helck, Wolfgang (1972) Der Text des “Nilhymnus”, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, Page 65
- The Hymn to the Nile flood at Digital Egypt for Universities
- The beginning of this passage, encompassing the glyphs
, seems corrupt and has been emended in various ways. Gardiner takes it as an otherwise unattested word *ḫtr (“to be powerless”) and the entire passage as ḫtr.n ḥr r dfꜣ jb (“the face is powerless(?) over against one stolid(?)”). Allen restores it as ḫr twr, as given here, based on the determinatives (with the assumption that the scribe forgot a
). Lichtheim, following Feder, reads ḫrr (“gentle/meek”) and considers dfꜣ-jb to mean something like ‘timidity, slowness’, reading the whole as ‘He who is gentle, even timid…’.