hiányzik

Hungarian

Etymology

hiány +‎ -zik

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈhijaːɲzik]
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: hi‧ány‧zik
Rhymes: -aːɲzik

Verb

hiányzik

(intransitive) to be absent
Synonym: távol van
- 1899, Endre Ady, Színházban:
  Nincs egy tűrhető szereplő, / Unalmas, rossz mindahány, / Ha hiányzik páholyából / Az az édes, barna lány.
(intransitive) to be missing, missed (in emotional sense as well)
Hiányzom neked, ugye? ― You miss me, don't you? (literally, “I am missing for you,…”)
Nagyon hiányzol [nekem]. ― I miss you very much. (literally, “…you are missing [for me].”)
Ő hiányzik nekünk. ― We miss him/her. (literally, “S/he is missing for us.”)

Usage notes

This verb is used in everyday speech (as opposed to the closer equivalent of “to miss”, hiányol) when someone misses another person, an animal, or an object, but its argument structure is different. For example, to express “Robbie misses his wife”, the literal translation would be Robi hiányolja a feleségét, but the more common way to express it is Robinak hiányzik a felesége, where the subject of the sentence is the wife and Robbie is expressed with the dative (-nak). Sometimes the subject of the verb is not one that does any action but the stimulus prompting sensory or emotional feeling (not deliberately), as in the case of people or things that interest someone, matter to someone, please someone or appeal to someone (or another entity), sometimes differently from the perspective in English. In these cases, the experiencer (the entity that receives sensory or emotional input) can take the accusative (e.g. interest) or the dative (e.g. appeal). The experiencer is expressed with the dative in the case of hiányzik (“to be missing or missed by someone”), ízlik (“to taste good, to be pleasing [as of food]”), kell (“to be needed, necessary, or required”), tetszik (“to be appealing”), and van/megvan (“to be had, to be owned by someone”).

If the experiencer is expressed with the accusative, the object may be the third person (him, her, it, or them), which is considered definite in Hungarian, or it may be a first- or second-person object (me, us, and you), considered as indefinite. For example, with the verb érdekel, it takes the definite form érdekli őt “he/she is interested” (literally, “it interests him/her”), and the indefinite form érdekel engem/téged/minket for “I am, you are, we are interested” (literally, “it interests me, you, us”) in present-tense singular. The form érdekellek means “you are interested in me” (literally, “I interest you”). – Verbs with a similar syntactic behavior include zavar (“to be bothered by”) and izgat (“to be upset or intrigued by”).[1]

Conjugation

conjugation of hiányzik

			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indicative mood	Present	Indef.	hiányzom or hiányzok	hiányzol	hiányzik	hiányzunk	hiányoztok	hiányoznak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	hiányoztam	hiányoztál	hiányzott	hiányoztunk	hiányoztatok	hiányoztak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Conditional mood	Present	Indef.	hiányoznék	hiányoznál	hiányozna	hiányoznánk	hiányoznátok	hiányoznának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Subjunctive mood	Present	Indef.	hiányozzak or hiányozzam	hiányozz or hiányozzál	hiányozzon	hiányozzunk	hiányozzatok	hiányozzanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Infinitive	hiányozni		hiányoznom	hiányoznod	hiányoznia	hiányoznunk	hiányoznotok	hiányozniuk
Other nonfinite verb forms			Verbal noun	Present participle	Past participle	Future part.	Adverbial part.	Potential
Other nonfinite verb forms			hiányzás	hiányzó	hiányzott	―	hiányozva	hiányozhat

Derived terms

hiányzás

Related terms

hiányol

References

See also Verbs and adjectives that behave differently (in English vs. in Hungarian), Által (’By’), on the past participles derived from such verbs, On verbs of emotion, with special regard to their aspectual properties, especially the chart on page 3. In addition, see Thematic relation and Theta role in Wikipedia.