gaspiller
French
Etymology
From Middle French gaspiller (“to waste”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps a modification of Middle French gaspailler (“to throw back, reject bullets of wheat”), from Old French gaspail, vaspale (“bullet of wheat”) (compare Medieval Latin gaspalium; Old Northern French waspail (“chaff”), from Frankish *wispila (“measure of grain”), from Proto-Germanic *wisp- (“measure of grain”). Akin to Middle Dutch and Middle Low German wispel; Norwegian visp; English wisp (“handful or bundle of hay or grass”). More at English wisp.
Alternate etymology connects Middle French gaspiller to Frankish *gaspilþijan (“to waste”), from Proto-Germanic *spilþijaną (“to destroy, waste”), from Proto-Indo-European *spel- (“to break off, split”), making it cognate with Old High German gaspildan (“to squander, waste”), Middle Dutch spillen (“to waste”), Old English ġespillan (“to spill, waste, spend”). Compare also Occitan guespillar, gispillar (“to trouble, tease”) from the same Germanic source. See English spill.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡas.pi.je/
audio (file)
Verb
gaspiller
- to waste
Conjugation
Conjugation of gaspiller (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | gaspiller | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | gaspillant /ɡas.pi.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | gaspillé /ɡas.pi.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | gaspille /ɡas.pij/ | gaspilles /ɡas.pij/ | gaspille /ɡas.pij/ | gaspillons /ɡas.pi.jɔ̃/ | gaspillez /ɡas.pi.je/ | gaspillent /ɡas.pij/ |
| imperfect | gaspillais /ɡas.pi.jɛ/ | gaspillais /ɡas.pi.jɛ/ | gaspillait /ɡas.pi.jɛ/ | gaspillions /ɡas.pij.jɔ̃/ | gaspilliez /ɡas.pij.je/ | gaspillaient /ɡas.pi.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gaspillai /ɡas.pi.je/ | gaspillas /ɡas.pi.ja/ | gaspilla /ɡas.pi.ja/ | gaspillâmes /ɡas.pi.jam/ | gaspillâtes /ɡas.pi.jat/ | gaspillèrent /ɡas.pi.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | gaspillerai /ɡas.pij.ʁe/ | gaspilleras /ɡas.pij.ʁa/ | gaspillera /ɡas.pij.ʁa/ | gaspillerons /ɡas.pij.ʁɔ̃/ | gaspillerez /ɡas.pij.ʁe/ | gaspilleront /ɡas.pij.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gaspillerais /ɡas.pij.ʁɛ/ | gaspillerais /ɡas.pij.ʁɛ/ | gaspillerait /ɡas.pij.ʁɛ/ | gaspillerions /ɡas.pi.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ | gaspilleriez /ɡas.pi.jə.ʁje/ | gaspilleraient /ɡas.pij.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | gaspille /ɡas.pij/ | gaspilles /ɡas.pij/ | gaspille /ɡas.pij/ | gaspillions /ɡas.pij.jɔ̃/ | gaspilliez /ɡas.pij.je/ | gaspillent /ɡas.pij/ |
| imperfect2 | gaspillasse /ɡas.pi.jas/ | gaspillasses /ɡas.pi.jas/ | gaspillât /ɡas.pi.ja/ | gaspillassions /ɡas.pi.ja.sjɔ̃/ | gaspillassiez /ɡas.pi.ja.sje/ | gaspillassent /ɡas.pi.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gaspille /ɡas.pij/ | — | gaspillons /ɡas.pi.jɔ̃/ | gaspillez /ɡas.pi.je/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- gaspillage
- gaspilleur
Further reading
- “gaspiller”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
Verb
gaspiller
- to destroy; wreck
- 1561, Jean Zonaras, Maumont, Les Histoires et chroniques du Monde tirées tant du gros volume de Ian Zonaras, page 423
- Et sur cela, d'eux entrebatre, gaspiller, sabouler au public marché
- And upon this, to fight, destroy and shake them up in the public market
- Et sur cela, d'eux entrebatre, gaspiller, sabouler au public marché
- 1561, Jean Zonaras, Maumont, Les Histoires et chroniques du Monde tirées tant du gros volume de Ian Zonaras, page 423
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of gaspiller
| infinitive | simple | gaspiller | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | gaspillant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | gaspillé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | gaspille | gaspilles | gaspille | gaspillons | gaspillez | gaspillent |
| imperfect | gaspillois, gaspilloys | gaspillois, gaspilloys | gaspilloit, gaspilloyt | gaspillions, gaspillyons | gaspilliez, gaspillyez | gaspilloient, gaspilloyent | |
| past historic | gaspilla | gaspillas | gaspilla | gaspillasmes | gaspillastes | gaspillerent | |
| future | gaspillerai, gaspilleray | gaspilleras | gaspillera | gaspillerons | gaspillerez | gaspilleront | |
| conditional | gaspillerois, gaspilleroys | gaspillerois, gaspilleroys | gaspilleroit, gaspilleroyt | gaspillerions, gaspilleryons | gaspilleriez, gaspilleryez | gaspilleroient, gaspilleroyent | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | gaspille | gaspilles | gaspille | gaspillons | gaspillez | gaspillent |
| imperfect | gaspillasse | gaspillasses | gaspillast | gaspillassions | gaspillassiez | gaspillassent | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gaspille | — | gaspillons | gaspillez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||