foedo
Latin
Etymology
From foedus (“filthy”). Compare Old English bædan (“to defile, pollute”). More at bad.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfoe̯.doː/, [ˈfoe̯d̪oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfe.do/, [ˈfɛːd̪o]
Verb
foedō (present infinitive foedāre, perfect active foedāvī, supine foedātum); first conjugation
- I make foul or filthy, soil, dirty; defile, pollute, disfigure, mar, deform.
- c. 370 CE – 404 CE, Claudian, Panegyricus de Sexto Consulatu Honorii Augusti 537–540:
- Ipse favens votis solitoque decentior aër, quamvis adsiduo noctem foedaverat imbre, principis et solis radiis detersa removit nubila.
- The very weather, favoring our prayers and more decent than usual, although it had marred the night continually with rain, removed the clouds, wiped away by means of the rays of the sun and the emperor.
- Ipse favens votis solitoque decentior aër, quamvis adsiduo noctem foedaverat imbre, principis et solis radiis detersa removit nubila.
- 1425—1450, (MS. Selden 55, Bodleian Library, Oxford) Vita Beati Eduardi Regis et Confessoris, p. 371, lines 327-329:
- Mira Dei virtus! trabeam non ulcera foedant; purpuream regis nec fluxus sanguinis atri splendorem vestis minuit, sed fortius auxit.
- The extraordinary virtue of God! The sores do not defile the trabea; nor did the flow of black blood diminish the splendor of the clothes, the purple of the king, but more strongly emphasized it.
- Mira Dei virtus! trabeam non ulcera foedant; purpuream regis nec fluxus sanguinis atri splendorem vestis minuit, sed fortius auxit.
- (figuratively) I dishonor, disgrace.
- c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 29.7:
- (Graeci) nos quoque dictitant barbaros et spurcius nos quam alios Οπικων appellatione foedant.
- (The Greeks) also assert repeatedly that we are barbarians and that we are dirtier than others, dishonor us by calling us philistines.
- (Graeci) nos quoque dictitant barbaros et spurcius nos quam alios Οπικων appellatione foedant.
- 1509—1513, Ludovico Ariosto, De Diversis Amoribus:
- Humanone trucem foedabo sanguine dextram, ut meus assiduo sub bove crescat ager?
- Shall I disgrace my savage right hand with human blood, so that my field may continually thrive under the ox?
- Humanone trucem foedabo sanguine dextram, ut meus assiduo sub bove crescat ager?
Conjugation
| Conjugation of foedō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | foedō | foedās | foedat | foedāmus | foedātis | foedant |
| imperfect | foedābam | foedābās | foedābat | foedābāmus | foedābātis | foedābant | |
| future | foedābō | foedābis | foedābit | foedābimus | foedābitis | foedābunt | |
| perfect | foedāvī | foedāvistī | foedāvit | foedāvimus | foedāvistis | foedāvērunt, foedāvēre | |
| pluperfect | foedāveram | foedāverās | foedāverat | foedāverāmus | foedāverātis | foedāverant | |
| future perfect | foedāverō | foedāveris | foedāverit | foedāverimus | foedāveritis | foedāverint | |
| passive | present | foedor | foedāris, foedāre | foedātur | foedāmur | foedāminī | foedantur |
| imperfect | foedābar | foedābāris, foedābāre | foedābātur | foedābāmur | foedābāminī | foedābantur | |
| future | foedābor | foedāberis, foedābere | foedābitur | foedābimur | foedābiminī | foedābuntur | |
| perfect | foedātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | foedātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | foedātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | foedem | foedēs | foedet | foedēmus | foedētis | foedent |
| imperfect | foedārem | foedārēs | foedāret | foedārēmus | foedārētis | foedārent | |
| perfect | foedāverim | foedāverīs | foedāverit | foedāverīmus | foedāverītis | foedāverint | |
| pluperfect | foedāvissem | foedāvissēs | foedāvisset | foedāvissēmus | foedāvissētis | foedāvissent | |
| passive | present | foeder | foedēris, foedēre | foedētur | foedēmur | foedēminī | foedentur |
| imperfect | foedārer | foedārēris, foedārēre | foedārētur | foedārēmur | foedārēminī | foedārentur | |
| perfect | foedātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | foedātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | foedā | — | — | foedāte | — |
| future | — | foedātō | foedātō | — | foedātōte | foedantō | |
| passive | present | — | foedāre | — | — | foedāminī | — |
| future | — | foedātor | foedātor | — | — | foedantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | foedāre | foedāvisse | foedātūrum esse | foedārī | foedātum esse | foedātum īrī | |
| participles | foedāns | — | foedātūrus | — | foedātus | foedandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| foedandī | foedandō | foedandum | foedandō | foedātum | foedātū | ||
Adjective
foedō
- dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of foedus
References
- “foedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “foedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- foedo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) according to treaty: ex pacto, ex foedere
- (ambiguous) according to treaty: ex pacto, ex foedere