exhortar
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from English exhort, French exhorter, Italian esortare, Spanish exhortar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ekshorˈtar/, /eɡzhorˈtar/
Verb
exhortar (present tense exhortas, past tense exhortis, future tense exhortos, imperative exhortez, conditional exhortus)
- (transitive) to exhort, urge, try to persuade
Conjugation
Conjugation of exhortar
 | present | past | future | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | exhortar | exhortir | exhortor | ||||
| tense | exhortas | exhortis | exhortos | ||||
| conditional | exhortus | ||||||
| imperative | exhortez | ||||||
| adjective active participle | exhortanta | exhortinta | exhortonta | ||||
| adverbial active participle | exhortante | exhortinte | exhortonte | ||||
| nominal active participle | singular | exhortanto | exhortinto | exhortonto | |||
| plural | exhortanti | exhortinti | exhortonti | ||||
| adjective passive participle | exhortata | exhortita | exhortota | ||||
| adverbial passive participle | exhortate | exhortite | exhortote | ||||
| nominal passive participle | singular | exhortato | exhortito | exhortoto | |||
| plural | exhortati | exhortiti | exhortoti | ||||
Portuguese
Verb
exhortar (first-person singular present exhorto, first-person singular preterite exhortei, past participle exhortado)
- Obsolete form of exortar.
- inflection of exhortar:
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive
- first/third-person singular personal infinitive
Conjugation
Conjugation of exhortar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | exhortar | |||||
| Personal | exhortar | exhortares | exhortar | exhortarmos | exhortardes | exhortarem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| exhortando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | exhortado | exhortados | ||||
| Feminine | exhortada | exhortadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | exhorto | exhortas | exhorta | exhortamos | exhortais | exhortam |
| Imperfect | exhortava | exhortavas | exhortava | exhortávamos | exhortáveis | exhortavam |
| Preterite | exhortei | exhortaste | exhortou | exhortamos1, exhortámos2 | exhortastes | exhortaram |
| Pluperfect | exhortara | exhortaras | exhortara | exhortáramos | exhortáreis | exhortaram |
| Future | exhortarei | exhortarás | exhortará | exhortaremos | exhortareis | exhortarão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| exhortaria | exhortarias | exhortaria | exhortaríamos | exhortaríeis | exhortariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | exhorte | exhortes | exhorte | exhortemos | exhorteis | exhortem |
| Imperfect | exhortasse | exhortasses | exhortasse | exhortássemos | exhortásseis | exhortassem |
| Future | exhortar | exhortares | exhortar | exhortarmos | exhortardes | exhortarem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | exhorta | exhorte | exhortemos | exhortai | exhortem | |
| Negative (não) | não exhortes | não exhorte | não exhortemos | não exhorteis | não exhortem | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin exhortārī.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eɡsoɾˈtaɾ/ [eɣ̞.soɾˈt̪aɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: ex‧hor‧tar
Verb
exhortar (first-person singular present exhorto, first-person singular preterite exhorté, past participle exhortado)
- (transitive) to exhort
Conjugation
Conjugation of exhortar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | exhortar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | exhortando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | exhortado | exhortada | |||||
| plural | exhortados | exhortadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | exhorto | exhortastú exhortásvos | exhorta | exhortamos | exhortáis | exhortan | |
| imperfect | exhortaba | exhortabas | exhortaba | exhortábamos | exhortabais | exhortaban | |
| preterite | exhorté | exhortaste | exhortó | exhortamos | exhortasteis | exhortaron | |
| future | exhortaré | exhortarás | exhortará | exhortaremos | exhortaréis | exhortarán | |
| conditional | exhortaría | exhortarías | exhortaría | exhortaríamos | exhortaríais | exhortarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | exhorte | exhortestú exhortésvos2 | exhorte | exhortemos | exhortéis | exhorten | |
| imperfect (ra) | exhortara | exhortaras | exhortara | exhortáramos | exhortarais | exhortaran | |
| imperfect (se) | exhortase | exhortases | exhortase | exhortásemos | exhortaseis | exhortasen | |
| future1 | exhortare | exhortares | exhortare | exhortáremos | exhortareis | exhortaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | exhortatú exhortávos | exhorte | exhortemos | exhortad | exhorten | ||
| negative | no exhortes | no exhorte | no exhortemos | no exhortéis | no exhorten | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of exhortar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive exhortar | |||||||
| dative | exhortarme | exhortarte | exhortarle, exhortarse | exhortarnos | exhortaros | exhortarles, exhortarse | |
| accusative | exhortarme | exhortarte | exhortarlo, exhortarla, exhortarse | exhortarnos | exhortaros | exhortarlos, exhortarlas, exhortarse | |
| with gerund exhortando | |||||||
| dative | exhortándome | exhortándote | exhortándole, exhortándose | exhortándonos | exhortándoos | exhortándoles, exhortándose | |
| accusative | exhortándome | exhortándote | exhortándolo, exhortándola, exhortándose | exhortándonos | exhortándoos | exhortándolos, exhortándolas, exhortándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative exhorta | |||||||
| dative | exhórtame | exhórtate | exhórtale | exhórtanos | not used | exhórtales | |
| accusative | exhórtame | exhórtate | exhórtalo, exhórtala | exhórtanos | not used | exhórtalos, exhórtalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative exhortá | |||||||
| dative | exhortame | exhortate | exhortale | exhortanos | not used | exhortales | |
| accusative | exhortame | exhortate | exhortalo, exhortala | exhortanos | not used | exhortalos, exhortalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative exhorte | |||||||
| dative | exhórteme | not used | exhórtele, exhórtese | exhórtenos | not used | exhórteles | |
| accusative | exhórteme | not used | exhórtelo, exhórtela, exhórtese | exhórtenos | not used | exhórtelos, exhórtelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative exhortemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | exhortémoste | exhortémosle | exhortémonos | exhortémoos | exhortémosles | |
| accusative | not used | exhortémoste | exhortémoslo, exhortémosla | exhortémonos | exhortémoos | exhortémoslos, exhortémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative exhortad | |||||||
| dative | exhortadme | not used | exhortadle | exhortadnos | exhortaos | exhortadles | |
| accusative | exhortadme | not used | exhortadlo, exhortadla | exhortadnos | exhortaos | exhortadlos, exhortadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative exhorten | |||||||
| dative | exhórtenme | not used | exhórtenle | exhórtennos | not used | exhórtenles, exhórtense | |
| accusative | exhórtenme | not used | exhórtenlo, exhórtenla | exhórtennos | not used | exhórtenlos, exhórtenlas, exhórtense | |
Related terms
- exhortación
Further reading
- “exhortar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014