-esz

-esz

See also: ész and -ész

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛs]

Suffix

-esz

1. (personal suffix) Used to form the second-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).

   fest (“to paint”) → festesz (“you paint, you are painting”)

2. (nominal-forming suffix) Used to form nouns and adjectives from verb or nouns.

   eresz (“eaves”)

Usage notes

    Present tense indefinite - personal endings

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-ok	-ek	-ök
	-ik verbs (optional)	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-sz
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-asz	-esz
	after s, sz, z, dz	-ol	-el	-öl
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	–
	-ik verbs	-ik
mi	1st person plural	-unk	-ünk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok	-tek	-tök
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-otok	-etek	-ötök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nak	-nek
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anak	-enek

• (personal suffix) Variants:

  -sz added to verbs not in the categories listed below

  vár (“to wait”) → vársz (“you wait, you are waiting”)

  -asz added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít

  hall (“to hear”) → hallasz (“you hear, you are hearing”)

  tanít (“to teach”) → tanítasz (“you teach, you are teaching”)

  -esz added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít

  dönt (“to decide”) → döntesz (“you decide, you are deciding”)

  segít (“to help”) → segítesz (“you help, you are helping”)

  -ol added to back vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz

  olvas (“to read”) → olvasol (“you read, you are reading”)

  -el added to unrounded front vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz

  vesz (“to buy”) → veszel (“you buy, you are buying”)

  -öl added to rounded front vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz

  főz (“to cook”) → főzöl (“you cook, you are cooking”)

• (nominal-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -asz added to back vowel words

  -esz added to front vowel words