enjoindre
French
Etymology
First attested circa 1191 in Old French as anjoindre, from Latin injungere, iniungere, present active infinitive of iniungo, altered after joindre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃dʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
enjoindre
- (transitive) to order; to enjoin (someone à faire something)
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.
Conjugation of enjoindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | enjoindre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | enjoignant /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | enjoint /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | enjoins /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ | enjoins /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ | enjoint /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ | enjoignons /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/ | enjoignez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲe/ | enjoignent /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ |
| imperfect | enjoignais /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/ | enjoignais /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/ | enjoignait /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/ | enjoignions /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/ | enjoigniez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲje/ | enjoignaient /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | enjoignis /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/ | enjoignis /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/ | enjoignit /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/ | enjoignîmes /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲim/ | enjoignîtes /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲit/ | enjoignirent /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲiʁ/ | |
| future | enjoindrai /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/ | enjoindras /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/ | enjoindra /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/ | enjoindrons /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | enjoindrez /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/ | enjoindront /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | enjoindrais /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | enjoindrais /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | enjoindrait /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | enjoindrions /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ | enjoindriez /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.je/ | enjoindraient /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | enjoigne /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ | enjoignes /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ | enjoigne /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ | enjoignions /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/ | enjoigniez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲje/ | enjoignent /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | enjoignisse /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲis/ | enjoignisses /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲis/ | enjoignît /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/ | enjoignissions /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ | enjoignissiez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi.sje/ | enjoignissent /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | enjoins /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ | — | enjoignons /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/ | enjoignez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
- joindre
- injonction
Further reading
- “enjoindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.