druid

druid

See also: Druid

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French druide, from Old French, via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).

The earliest record of the term in Latin is by Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for "druid" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). Cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɹuː.ɪd/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːɪd

Noun

druid (plural druids)

1. One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.

Usage notes

• Often capitalized: Druid.

Derived terms

• druidic
• druidism
• neo-druid

Translations

one of an order of Celtic priests

Armenian: դրուիդ (hy) (druid) Breton: drouiz (br) Catalan: druida (ca) m Chinese: Cantonese: 德魯伊／德鲁伊, 德鲁伊 (dak1 lou5 yi1) Mandarin: 德魯伊／德鲁伊 (délǔyī), 督伊德 (dūyīdé) Cornish: drewydh Dutch: druïde (nl) m Esperanto: druido Estonian: druiidi Finnish: druidi (fi) French: druide (fr) m German: Druide (de) m Hungarian: druida (hu) Ido: druido (io) Irish: draoi m Italian: druida m or f, (uncommon) druido m Japanese: ドルイド (doruido) Latin: Druida m Macedonian: дру́ид m (drúid) Maori: ruiti Manx: druaight m Norwegian: druide m Old English: drȳ m Polish: druid (pl) m, druidka (pl) f Portuguese: druida (pt) m Romanian: druid (ro) m Russian: друи́д (ru) m (druíd) Scottish Gaelic: draoidh m Spanish: druida (es) m Swedish: druid (sv) Walloon: drude (wa) m Welsh: derwydd m

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Irish

FWOTD – 24 July 2019

Etymology 1

From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdis, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, German Drossel, and English thrush.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɾˠɪdʲ/
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɾˠɛdʲ/[1] (as if spelled droid)

Noun

druid f (genitive singular druide, nominative plural druideanna or druideacha)

1. starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

Declension

Declension of druid

Second declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative druid druideanna Vocative a dhruid a dhruideanna Genitive druide druideanna Dative druid druideanna

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an druid na druideanna Genitive na druide na ndruideanna Dative leis an druid don druid leis na druideanna

Alternative forms

• druideog, truid, truideog

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “truit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Etymology 2

From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɾˠɪdʲ/
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ˠɞɾˠədʲ/[1] (as if spelled doraid)

Verb

druid (present analytic druideann, future analytic druidfidh, verbal noun druidim, past participle druidte) (transitive, intransitive)

1. (Ulster) close, shut

   Synonym: dún

2. move relative to something [+ le (object) = close to, near], [+ ar (object) = upon], [+ ó (object) = away from]

Conjugation

First Conjugation (A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	druidim	druideann tú; druidir†	druideann sé, sí	druidimid	druideann sibh	druideann siad; druidid†	a dhruideann; a dhruideas / a ndruideann*; a ndruideas*	druidtear
	past	dhruid mé; dhruideas	dhruid tú; dhruidis	dhruid sé, sí	dhruideamar; dhruid muid	dhruid sibh; dhruideabhair	dhruid siad; dhruideadar	a dhruid / ar dhruid*	druideadh
	past habitual	dhruidinn / ndruidinn‡‡	dhruidteá / ndruidteᇇ	dhruideadh sé, sí / ndruideadh sé, s퇇	dhruidimis; dhruideadh muid / ndruidimis‡‡; ndruideadh muid‡‡	dhruideadh sibh / ndruideadh sibh‡‡	dhruididís; dhruideadh siad / ndruididís‡‡; ndruideadh siad‡‡	a dhruideadh / a ndruideadh*	dhruidtí / ndruidt퇇
	future	druidfidh mé; druidfead	druidfidh tú; druidfir†	druidfidh sé, sí	druidfimid; druidfidh muid	druidfidh sibh	druidfidh siad; druidfid†	a dhruidfidh; a dhruidfeas / a ndruidfidh*; a ndruidfeas*	druidfear
conditional		dhruidfinn / ndruidfinn‡‡	dhruidfeá / ndruidfeᇇ	dhruidfeadh sé, sí / ndruidfeadh sé, s퇇	dhruidfimis; dhruidfeadh muid / ndruidfimis‡‡; ndruidfeadh muid‡‡	dhruidfeadh sibh / ndruidfeadh sibh‡‡	dhruidfidís; dhruidfeadh siad / ndruidfidís‡‡; ndruidfeadh siad‡‡	a dhruidfeadh / a ndruidfeadh*	dhruidfí / ndruidf퇇
subjunctive	present	go ndruide mé; go ndruidead†	go ndruide tú; go ndruidir†	go ndruide sé, sí	go ndruidimid; go ndruide muid	go ndruide sibh	go ndruide siad; go ndruidid†	—	go ndruidtear
	past	dá ndruidinn	dá ndruidteá	dá ndruideadh sé, sí	dá ndruidimis; dá ndruideadh muid	dá ndruideadh sibh	dá ndruididís; dá ndruideadh siad	—	dá ndruidtí
imperative		druidim	druid	druideadh sé, sí	druidimis	druidigí; druididh†	druididís	—	druidtear
verbal noun		druidim
past participle		druidte

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Alternative forms

• doirt

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “druitid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “druidim” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɾˠɪdʲ/

Noun

druid m

1. genitive singular of drud

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
druid	dhruid	ndruid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

1. Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, p. 70.

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Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdru.iðʲ/

Noun

druïd

1. inflection of druí:
   1. accusative/dative singular
   2. nominative/vocative/accusative dual
   3. nominative plural

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
druïd	druïd pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/	ndruïd
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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Polish

Etymology

From Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdru.it/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uit
• Syllabification: dru‧id

Noun

druid m pers (feminine druidka)

1. druid

Declension

Declension of druid

	singular	plural
nominative	druid	druidzi
genitive	druida	druidów
dative	druidowi	druidom
accusative	druida	druidów
instrumental	druidem	druidami
locative	druidzie	druidach
vocative	druidzie	druidzi

Further reading

• druid in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• druid in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Romanian

Etymology

From French druide, from Latin Druidae.

Noun

druid m (plural druizi)

1. druid

Declension

Declension of druid

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) druid	druidul	(niște) druizi	druizii
genitive/dative	(unui) druid	druidului	(unor) druizi	druizilor
vocative	druidule		druizilor

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdis, from Proto-Indo-European *trozdos (“thrush”).

Noun

druid f (genitive singular druide, plural druidean)

1. starling

Etymology 2

From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

Verb

druid (past dhruid, future druididh, verbal noun druideadh, past participle druidte)

1. shut closely
2. cover
3. enclose, surround
4. advance, come up
5. join
6. hasten
7. step toward
8. approach, draw near

Alternative forms

• truid

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
druid	dhruid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911), “druid”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “truit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “druitid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Swedish

Noun

druid c

1. a druid

Declension

Declension of druid
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	druid	druiden	druider	druiderna
Genitive	druids	druidens	druiders	druidernas

References

• druid in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• druid in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• druid in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)