volver
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese volver, from Latin volvere, present active infinitive of volvō (“roll, roll back”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [bolˈβeɾ]
Verb
volver (first-person singular present volvo, first-person singular preterite volvín, past participle volvido)
- to return
- to oppose
- (transitive with por) to defend
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive of volver
- first/third-person singular personal infinitive of volver
Conjugation
Conjugation of volver
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | volver | |||||
| personal | volver | volveres | volver | volvermos | volverdes | volveren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| volvendo | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | volvido | volvidos | ||||
| feminine | volvida | volvidas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | volvo | volves | volve | volvemos | volvedes | volven |
| imperfect | volvía | volvías | volvía | volviamos | volviades | volvían |
| preterite | volvín | volviches | volveu | volvemos | volvestes | volveron |
| pluperfect | volvera | volveras | volvera | volveramos | volverades | volveran |
| future | volverei | volverás | volverá | volveremos | volveredes | volverán |
| conditional | volvería | volverías | volvería | volveriamos | volveriades | volverían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | volva | volvas | volva | volvamos | volvades | volvan |
| preterite | volvese | volveses | volvese | volvésemos | volvésedes | volvesen |
| future | volver | volveres | volver | volvermos | volverdes | volveren |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | volve | volva | volvamos | volvede | volvan |
| negative | – | volvas | volva | volvamos | volvades | volvan |
Related terms
- revolver
References
- “volver” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “volv” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “volver” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “volver” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “volver” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese volver, from Latin volvere (“to roll, to roll back”).
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /vowˈve(ʁ)/ [voʊ̯ˈve(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /vowˈve(ɾ)/ [voʊ̯ˈve(ɾ)]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /vowˈve(ʁ)/ [voʊ̯ˈve(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /vowˈve(ɻ)/ [voʊ̯ˈve(ɻ)]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /volˈveɾ/ [voɫˈveɾ], /vɔlˈveɾ/ [vɔɫˈveɾ]
- Hyphenation: vol‧ver
Verb
volver (first-person singular present volvo, first-person singular preterite volvi, past participle volvido)
- to make
- to carry
- to roll, shake
- inflection of volver:
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive
- first/third-person singular personal infinitive
Conjugation
Conjugation of volver (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | volver | |||||
| Personal | volver | volveres | volver | volvermos | volverdes | volverem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| volvendo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | volvido | volvidos | ||||
| Feminine | volvida | volvidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | volvo | volves | volve | volvemos | volveis | volvem |
| Imperfect | volvia | volvias | volvia | volvíamos | volvíeis | volviam |
| Preterite | volvi | volveste | volveu | volvemos | volvestes | volveram |
| Pluperfect | volvera | volveras | volvera | volvêramos | volvêreis | volveram |
| Future | volverei | volverás | volverá | volveremos | volvereis | volverão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| volveria | volverias | volveria | volveríamos | volveríeis | volveriam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | volva | volvas | volva | volvamos | volvais | volvam |
| Imperfect | volvesse | volvesses | volvesse | volvêssemos | volvêsseis | volvessem |
| Future | volver | volveres | volver | volvermos | volverdes | volverem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | volve | volva | volvamos | volvei | volvam | |
| Negative (não) | não volvas | não volva | não volvamos | não volvais | não volvam | |
Related terms
- devolver
- envolver
- revolver
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Latin volvere (“roll, roll back”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bolˈbeɾ/ [bolˈβ̞eɾ]
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: vol‧ver
Verb
volver (first-person singular present vuelvo, first-person singular preterite volví, past participle vuelto)
- to return, to revert, to get back
- Synonym: regresar
- Vuelvan a trabajar. / Vuelva al trabajo. ― Get back to work.
- to come back, go back
- Si realmente estás pensando en volver a aquel lugar sucio, debes haberte enloquecido totalmente.
- If you're really thinking about going back to that filthy place, you must have gone totally crazy.
- to do again
- Volvió a olvidarse de la foto. ― He forgot the photo again.
- to turn
- Synonyms: dar vuelta, girar, voltear
- (reflexive) to become, to get
- Me estoy volviendo loco. ― I am going crazy.
- Synonyms: hacer, convertir, poner
- to make, to drive
- Esto me está volviendo loco. ― This is driving me mad.
- Me vuelves loco. ― You drive me crazy.
- (reflexive) to turn
Usage notes
The use of volverse as a verb of becoming implies a change of belief or commitment and is felt to be more permanent than ponerse.
Conjugation
Conjugation of volver (irregular; o-ue alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | volver | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | volviendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | vuelto | vuelta | |||||
| plural | vueltos | vueltas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | vuelvo | vuelvestú volvésvos | vuelve | volvemos | volvéis | vuelven | |
| imperfect | volvía | volvías | volvía | volvíamos | volvíais | volvían | |
| preterite | volví | volviste | volvió | volvimos | volvisteis | volvieron | |
| future | volveré | volverás | volverá | volveremos | volveréis | volverán | |
| conditional | volvería | volverías | volvería | volveríamos | volveríais | volverían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | vuelva | vuelvastú volvásvos2 | vuelva | volvamos | volváis | vuelvan | |
| imperfect (ra) | volviera | volvieras | volviera | volviéramos | volvierais | volvieran | |
| imperfect (se) | volviese | volvieses | volviese | volviésemos | volvieseis | volviesen | |
| future1 | volviere | volvieres | volviere | volviéremos | volviereis | volvieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | vuelvetú volvévos | vuelva | volvamos | volved | vuelvan | ||
| negative | no vuelvas | no vuelva | no volvamos | no volváis | no vuelvan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of volver (irregular; o-ue alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive volver | |||||||
| dative | volverme | volverte | volverle, volverse | volvernos | volveros | volverles, volverse | |
| accusative | volverme | volverte | volverlo, volverla, volverse | volvernos | volveros | volverlos, volverlas, volverse | |
| with gerund volviendo | |||||||
| dative | volviéndome | volviéndote | volviéndole, volviéndose | volviéndonos | volviéndoos | volviéndoles, volviéndose | |
| accusative | volviéndome | volviéndote | volviéndolo, volviéndola, volviéndose | volviéndonos | volviéndoos | volviéndolos, volviéndolas, volviéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative vuelve | |||||||
| dative | vuélveme | vuélvete | vuélvele | vuélvenos | not used | vuélveles | |
| accusative | vuélveme | vuélvete | vuélvelo, vuélvela | vuélvenos | not used | vuélvelos, vuélvelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative volvé | |||||||
| dative | volveme | volvete | volvele | volvenos | not used | volveles | |
| accusative | volveme | volvete | volvelo, volvela | volvenos | not used | volvelos, volvelas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative vuelva | |||||||
| dative | vuélvame | not used | vuélvale, vuélvase | vuélvanos | not used | vuélvales | |
| accusative | vuélvame | not used | vuélvalo, vuélvala, vuélvase | vuélvanos | not used | vuélvalos, vuélvalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative volvamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | volvámoste | volvámosle | volvámonos | volvámoos | volvámosles | |
| accusative | not used | volvámoste | volvámoslo, volvámosla | volvámonos | volvámoos | volvámoslos, volvámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative volved | |||||||
| dative | volvedme | not used | volvedle | volvednos | volveos | volvedles | |
| accusative | volvedme | not used | volvedlo, volvedla | volvednos | volveos | volvedlos, volvedlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative vuelvan | |||||||
| dative | vuélvanme | not used | vuélvanle | vuélvannos | not used | vuélvanles, vuélvanse | |
| accusative | vuélvanme | not used | vuélvanlo, vuélvanla | vuélvannos | not used | vuélvanlos, vuélvanlas, vuélvanse | |
Conjugation of volverse (irregular; o-ue alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | volverse | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | volviéndose | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | vuelto | vuelta | |||||
| plural | vueltos | vueltas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| personal non-finite | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| infinitive | volverme | volverte | volverse | volvernos | volveros | volverse | |
| gerund | volviéndome | volviéndote | volviéndose | volviéndonos | volviéndoos | volviéndose | |
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | me vuelvo | te vuelvestú te volvésvos | se vuelve | nos volvemos | os volvéis | se vuelven | |
| imperfect | me volvía | te volvías | se volvía | nos volvíamos | os volvíais | se volvían | |
| preterite | me volví | te volviste | se volvió | nos volvimos | os volvisteis | se volvieron | |
| future | me volveré | te volverás | se volverá | nos volveremos | os volveréis | se volverán | |
| conditional | me volvería | te volverías | se volvería | nos volveríamos | os volveríais | se volverían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | me vuelva | te vuelvastú te volvásvos2 | se vuelva | nos volvamos | os volváis | se vuelvan | |
| imperfect (ra) | me volviera | te volvieras | se volviera | nos volviéramos | os volvierais | se volvieran | |
| imperfect (se) | me volviese | te volvieses | se volviese | nos volviésemos | os volvieseis | se volviesen | |
| future1 | me volviere | te volvieres | se volviere | nos volviéremos | os volviereis | se volvieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | vuélvetetú volvetevos | vuélvase | volvámonos | volveos | vuélvanse | ||
| negative | no te vuelvas | no se vuelva | no nos volvamos | no os volváis | no se vuelvan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Derived terms
- volver en sí
- volver grupas
- volver por sus fueros
- vuelta
- vuelto
- vuelve a la vida
- vuelvepiedras
Related terms
- desenvolver
- devolver
- envolver
- revolcar
- revolver
- volcar
Further reading
- “volver”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014