dog

See also: DOG, Dog, and dög

English

A dog (a Labrador retriever)

Alternative forms

darg, dawg, dug (dialectal)
doggie, doggy (childish)

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /dɒɡ/
Audio (UK) (file)
("a dog")
Audio (UK) (file)
(US) enPR: dôg, IPA^(key): /dɔɡ/
Audio (US) (file)
(cot–caught merger, Canada) IPA^(key): /dɑɡ/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -ɒɡ

Etymology 1

From Middle English dogge[1] (whence also Scots dug (“dog”)), from Old English dogga, docga,[2][3] of uncertain origin.

The original meaning seems to have been a common dog, as opposed to a well-bred one, or something like 'cur', and perhaps later came to be used for stocky dogs. Possibly a pet-form diminutive with suffix -ga (compare frocga (“frog”), *picga (“pig”)), appended to a base *dog-, *doc- of unclear origin and meaning. One possibility is Old English dox (“dark, swarthy”) (compare frocga from frox).[4] Another proposal is that it derives from Proto-West Germanic *dugan (“to be suitable”), the origin of Old English dugan (“to be good, worthy, useful”), English dow, German taugen. The theory goes that it could have been an epithet for dogs, commonly used by children, meaning "good/useful animal."[5]. Another is that it is related to *docce (“stock, muscle”), from Proto-West Germanic *dokkā (“round mass, ball, muscle, doll”), whence English dock (“stumpy tail”).

In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype resembling the modern mastiff and bulldog.[6] By the 16th century, dog had become the general word, and hound had begun to refer only to breeds used for hunting.[7] In the 16th century, the word dog was adopted by several continental European languages as their word for mastiff.[8]

Noun

dog (plural dogs)

A mammal of the family Canidae:
1. The species Canis familiaris (sometimes designated Canis lupus familiaris), domesticated for thousands of years and of highly variable appearance because of human breeding.
  - 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:
    The preposterous altruism too! […] Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.
  - 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess‎:
    When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him. […] . The captive made no resistance and came not only quietly but in a series of eager little rushes like a timid dog on a choke chain.
  The dog barked all night long.
2. Any member of the family Canidae, including domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes, and their relatives (extant and extinct); canid.
  - 1989, John L. Gittleman, Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, page 561:
    This includes the development of hyena-like bone crushers (Osteoborus and Borophagus), a large bone-crushing hunting dog (Aelurodon), and another borophagine frugivorous dog (Carpocyon).
3. (often attributive) A male dog, wolf, or fox, as opposed to a bitch or vixen.
  - 1928, Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man, Penguin 2013, page 149:
    Firstly, he was there to encourage and assist the hounds (a scratch pack – mostly dog-hounds drafted from fox-hound kennels because they were over-sized) […].
The meat of this animal, eaten as food:
Did you know that in South Korea, they eat dog?
A person:
1. (slang, derogatory) A dull, unattractive girl or woman.
  She’s a real dog.
2. (slang) A man, guy, chap.
  You lucky dog!
3. (derogatory) Someone who is cowardly, worthless, or morally reprehensible.
  Come back and fight, you dogs!
  You dirty dog.
  - 1599, Robert Greene, Alphonsus, King of Aragon (1599). Act 3.
    Blasphemous dog, I wonder that the earth / Doth cease from renting vnderneath thy feete, / To swallow vp those cankred corpes of thine.
  - 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 2 Kings 8:13, column 1:
    And Hazael ſaid, But what, is thy ſeruant a dogge, that he ſhould doe this great thing?
  - 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, OCLC 1167497017:
    [A]t last Mahomed's stood straight up upon its vertebræ, and glared at me through its empty eyeholes, and cursed me with its grinning jaws, because I, a dog of a Christian, disturbed the last sleep of a true believer.
4. (slang) A sexually aggressive man.
  - 2005, Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, and Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), “Stay Fly”, in Most Known Unknown‎, Sony BMG, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG):
    DJ Paul is a dog; one you do not trust.
A mechanical device or support:
1. Any of various mechanical devices for holding, gripping, or fastening something, particularly with a tooth-like projection.
  - 2009, ForestWorks, Chainsaw Operator's Manual, page 41:
    Whenever possible, let the tree support the weight of the chainsaw. Pivot the saw, using the saw's dogs (spikes) as a fulcrum.
2. A click or pallet adapted to engage the teeth of a ratchet wheel, to restrain the back action.
  Synonyms: click, pallet, pawl, ratchet
3. A metal support for logs in a fireplace.
  The dogs were too hot to touch.
  - 1902, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles
    In the great old-fashioned fireplace behind the high iron dogs a log-fire crackled and snapped.
(cartomancy) The eighteenth Lenormand card.
A hot dog: a frankfurter, wiener, or similar sausage; or a sandwich made from this.
- 1994 July 21, Faye Fiore, “Congress relishes another franking privilege: Meat lobby puts on the dog with exclusive luncheon for lawmakers – experts on pork”, in Los Angeles Times‎:
  Congressmen gleefully wolfed down every imaginable version of the hot dog – smoked kielbasas, jumbo grillers, Big & Juicy's, kosher dogs and spiced dogs […]
(poker slang) Underdog.
(slang, almost always in the plural) Foot.
My dogs are barking! ― My feet hurt!
(Cockney rhyming slang) (from "dog and bone") Phone or mobile phone.
My dog is dead.
My mobile-phone battery has run out of charge and is no longer able to function.
One of the cones used to divide up a racetrack when training horses.
(informal) Something that performs poorly.
- 1885, Robert H. Codrington, The Melanesian Languages (page 143)
  He gives his dog-Mota or dog-Fiji in exchange for Pigeon English.
That modification turned his Dodge hemi into a dog.
1. (film) A flop; a film that performs poorly at the box office.
  - 1969, Ski (volume 34, number 4, page 121)
    Blue was released, and as Redford had predicted, it was a dog.
  - 2012, Ronald L. Davis, Duke: The Life and Image of John Wayne
    "When The Alamo was coming out, the word of mouth on it was that it was a dog," Chase said.

Synonyms

(animal): taxonomic names: Canis familiaris, Canis domesticus, Canis familiarus domesticus, Canis canis, Canis aegyptius, Canis familiarus aegyptius, Canis melitaeus, Canis familiarus melitaeus, Canis molossus, Canis familiarus molossus, Canis saultor, Canis familiaris saultor
(animal): domestic dog, hound, canine; see also Thesaurus:dog
(male): stud, sire
(man): bloke (British), chap (British), dude, fellow, guy, man; see also Thesaurus:man
(morally reprehensible person): cad, bounder, blackguard, fool, hound, heel, scoundrel
(mechanical device): click, detent, pawl
(metal support for logs): andiron, fire dog, dogiron

Hypernyms

(animal): canid

Hyponyms

(animal):

Afghan hound
bloodhound
chihuahua
coonhound
dachshund
deerhound
foxhound
gazehound
German shepherd
greyhound
hound
Irish wolfhound
Norwegian elkhound
otterhound
pointer
poodle
retriever
Russian wolfhound
scenthound
setter
sheepdog
shepherd
sighthound
spaniel
staghound
terrier
wolfhound

Coordinate terms

(male adult dog): bitch, pup, puppy

Derived terms

a hit dog will holler
aid dog
alpha dog
Alsatian dog
and your little dog too
an old dog for a hard road
arson dog
as sick as a dog
assistance dog
attack dog
avalanche dog
badger dog
bait dog
barking dogs never bite, barking dogs seldom bite
bench dog
Bernese mountain dog
beware of dog
beware of the dog
Big Dog
big dog of the tanyard
bird dog, bird-dog
black dog
bottom dog
bulldog
bush dog
buy a dog and bark oneself
cadaver dog
call off the dogs
Canaan dog
Carolina dog
cash-sniffing dog
cat-and-dog, cat and dog
cats and dogs
cattle dog
cheese dog
Chicago dog
chili dog, chilli dog
choke-dog
Chongqing dog
clever old dog
companion dog
corndog
corn dog
coy dog
cunning dog
curtail dog
dagwood dog
Danish dog
designer dog
detection dog
devil dog
diner's dog
dirty dog
dog act
dog and bone
dog and cat
dog and maggot
dog and pony show
dog-and-pony show
dog-ape, dog ape
dog around
dog ass
dog attack
dog bag
dogbane
dog basket
dog bed
dog-bee
dog-belt
dogberry
Dogberry
dogberryism, Dogberryism
dog biscuit
dog-bludgeoner
dog bone
dog book
dog bread
dog-brier
dog cart, dog-cart
dogcatcher, dog-catcher
dogcatching
dogcheap
dog-cheap
dog-cherry
dog chew
dog-child
dog collar
dog coupling
dog crate
dog curtain
dog daisy
dog dander
dog dandruff
dog-day
dog day
dog days
dog dirt
dog doctor
dogdom
dog-doo
dog door
dogear, dog-ear, dog ear
dog eared
dog eat dog, dog-eat-dog
dog-end
dogette
dogface
dog-faced baboon
dogfight
dog fight
dogfish
dog flap
dog flea
dog flu
dog fly
dogfood, dog-food, dog food
dogfought
dog fouling
dog fox
dog-fox
dog-friendly
dog fur
Dogg
dogged
dogger
doggerel
doggery
doggie
doggish
doggo
doggone
doggoned
dog grass
doggrel
dog guide
doggy
doggy dog
dog hair
dog handler
doghead
dog-headed
dog-hearted
dog heavy
doghood
dog hook
doghouse
dog house
dog hunter
dog hutch
dog influenza
dog in the hunt
dog in the manger, dog-in-the-manger
dogiron
dog it
dogitude
dog killer
dog Latin, Dog Latin
dog-laurel
dog lead, dog-lead
dog leash, dog-leash
dogleg
dogless
doglike
dogling
dogly
dogman, dog man
dog minder
dog minding
dog musher
dog my cats
dog nail
dognap
dognaper, dognapper
dognapping
dognaps
dogness
dog-nose
dog-nosed
dog officer
dog out
dogpaddle, dog-paddle, dog paddle
dog park
dog parsley
dogpile, dog-pile, dog pile
dog poo
dog poop
dogpoor
dog pound
dog racing
dogrel
dog robber
dog roll
dog rope
dog rose
dog rough
dog run
dogs
dog salmon
dogs-bane
dogsbody
dog's breakfast
dog's chance
dog scooter
dog screw
dog's dinner
dog's dirt
dog's-ear
dogs have masters, cats have staff
dogshit, dog shit
dogshore
dog shot
dog-shot
dog sit, dog-sit
dogsitter
dogsitting
dogsled
dogsledder
dogsledding
dog sledge
dog sleep
dog's letter
dog's life
dog slow
dog's mercury
dog's mess
dog's muck
dogs of war
dog soldier
dog somebody's steps
dogspeak
dogspike, dog spike
dog's-tail
Dog Star
dog station
dog-stone
dog's-tongue
dog's-tooth
dog tag
dog tapeworm
dog tax
dog team
dog tent
dog that caught the car
dog tick
dog-tired, dog tired
dogtooth, dog-tooth, dog tooth
dog town
dog trick
dogtrot
dog tucker
dogvane
dog-violet, dog violet
dog vomit slime mold
dog walk, dogwalk
dogwalker, dog-walker, dog walker
dogwalking, dog-walking, dog walking
dog warden
dogwash
dogwatch
dog-watch, dog watch
dog-weary
dog wheat
dog whelk
dogwhip, dog-whip
dog whisperer
dog whistle, dog-whistle
dogwood
dog work
dog world
dog year
don't keep a dog and bark yourself
dope dog
double-dog dare, double-dog-dare, double dog dare
down dog
downward dog
downward-facing dog
drug dog
Dulux dog
earth dog
everybody and his dog, everybody and their dog, everyone and his dog, everyone and their dog
every dog has his day
every dog has its day
every dog must have his day
every dog must have its day
feed dog
feist dog
fice dog
fight like cat and dog
firedog, fire dog
fire dogs
fit as a butcher's dog
flat dog
flip dog
fogdog
foo dog, fu dog
fuck the dog
Fuegian dog
gag a dog off a gut wagon
gay dog
give a dog a bad name
go to the dogs
Goyet dog
Greater Dog
guarddog, guard-dog, guard dog
guide dog
gun dog
gutter dog
hair of the dog
hair of the dog that bit one
Hallstrom's dog
hang dog, hang-dog
have a dog and bark oneself
have a dog in the fight
hearing dog
hearing-ear dog
helper dog
herding dog
hop dog
horn dog, horn-dog
hot diggety dog, hot diggity dog
hotdogged, hot-dogged, hot dogged
hotdogger, hot-dogger
hotdoggery
hotdog, hot-dog, hot dog
hound dog
house dog
hunting dog
hyena dog
Iceland dog
idle as Ludlam's dog
if you lie with dogs you will get fleas
in a dog's age
in the dog box
in the doghouse
Isle of Dogs
it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog
it's the hit dog that howls
Jeju dog
junkyard-dog
junkyard dog
kaffir dog
kangaroo dog
keep a dog and bark oneself
kick a dog when it's down
knock a dog off a gut wagon
lapdog, lap-dog, lap dog
lazy as Ludlam's dog
lazy dog
lead dog
let sleeping dogs lie, let the sleeping dogs lie
let the dog see the rabbit
lie doggo
lie like a dog
like a dog in heat
like a dog on heat
like a dog with a bone
like a dog with two tails
like a scalded dog
lion dog
little dog syndrome
log dog
look for a dog to kick
lucky dog
mad dog, mad-dog
man bites dog
miller's dog
moon dog
New Guinea singing dog
not dog
one-dog night
one man and a dog, one man and his dog
on the Internet nobody knows you're a dog
painted dog
pariah dog
pelt of the dog
penny dog
pi-dog
pie-dog, pye-dog
pig dog
plum pudding dog
polar dog
police dog
pour cats and dogs, pour dogs and cats
prairie dog
pug dog, pug-dog
Pungsan dog
puppy dog, puppy-dog
put on the dog, put on dog
raccoon dog
raft dog
rain cats and dogs, rain dogs and cats, rain like cats and dogs
rat dog
raw dog
red dog
rescue dog
river dog
roundabout dog
running dog
salty dog
sausage dog
seadog, sea dog, sea-dog
see a man about a dog
seeing eye dog
seeing-eye dog
seizure dog
service dog
setting dog
shaggy dog story, shaggy-dog story
she-dog
sheepdog, sheep dog
shelter dog
shepherd dog
short-eared dog
show dog
sick as a dog
singing dog
skittle-dog
sled dog
sleep like a dog
sleuth dog, sleuth-dog
sling dog
sly dog
small dog syndrome
sniffer dog
snowdog
sod a dog
spotted dog
stink a dog off a gut wagon
storm cats and dogs
stray dog
Sulimov dog
sundog, sun dog
support dog
swing dog
tail wagging the dog
teacup dog
that dog don't run
that dog won't hunt
that old dog won't hunt
the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
there's life in the old dog yet
the whole world and his dog
three-dog night
throw to the dogs
tin dog
tinned dog
too much pudding will choke a dog
top dog
toy dog
triple dog dare
try it on the dog
try it out on the dog
turnspit dog
two men and a dog
underdog
until the last dog is hung
upward-facing dog
veggiedog, veggie dog
Velcro dog
wag the dog
walk the dog
war dog
waterdog, water dog
weiner dog, wiener dog
wheel dog
why keep a dog and bark yourself
wild dog
wolf dog
work dog
working dog
work like a dog
Yaghan dog
yallar dog, yaller dog
yard dog
yellow dog
you can't teach an old dog new tricks

Descendants

Bislama: dog
Sranan Tongo: dagu
Tok Pisin: dok

→ American Sign Language: Kop@Inside-PalmForward 1o@Inside
→ Dutch: dog
→ Esperanto: dogo
→ French: dogue
→ German: Dogge
→ Ido: dogo
→ Kriol: dog
→ Portuguese: dogue
→ Russian: дог (dog)
→ Spanish: dogo
→ Volapük: dog, doeg

Translations

See dog/translations § Noun.

Verb

dog (third-person singular simple present dogs, present participle dogging, simple past and past participle dogged)

(transitive) To pursue with the intent to catch.
Synonyms: chase, chase after, go after, pursue, tag, tail, track, trail
(transitive) To follow in an annoying or harassing way.
The woman cursed him so that trouble would dog his every step.
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], OCLC 928184292:
  […] they were discovered in a very improper manner by the husband of the gypsy, who, from jealousy it seems, had kept a watchful eye over his wife, and had dogged her to the place, where he found her in the arms of her gallant.
- 2012 January 1, Michael Riordan, “Tackling Infinity”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 1, page 86:
  Some of the most beautiful and thus appealing physical theories, including quantum electrodynamics and quantum gravity, have been dogged for decades by infinities that erupt when theorists try to prod their calculations into new domains. Getting rid of these nagging infinities has probably occupied far more effort than was spent in originating the theories.
- 2012 May 9, Jonathan Wilson, “Europa League: Radamel Falcao's Atlético Madrid rout Athletic Bilbao”, in the Guardian‎:
  But this is not an Athletic that ever looks comfortable at the back – a criticism that has often dogged Marcelo Bielsa's sides.
- 2021 June 21, Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Google Executives See Cracks in Their Company’s Success”, in The New York Times‎, ISSN 0362-4331:
  Yet Google, which was founded in 1998, is dogged by the perception that its best days are behind it.
(transitive, nautical) To fasten a hatch securely.
It is very important to dog down these hatches.
(intransitive, emerging usage in Britain) To watch, or participate, in sexual activity in a public place.
- 2012, The Onion Book of Known Knowledge, page 118:
  Lightning, burst of charged particles that lights up the sky and allows onlookers to see who's dogging in the bushes without using a flashlight.
I admit that I like to dog at my local country park.
(intransitive, transitive) To intentionally restrict one's productivity as employee; to work at the slowest rate that goes unpunished.
Synonyms: soldier, goldbrick
A surprise inspection of the night shift found that some workers were dogging it.
(transitive) To criticize.
- 1999 March 30, “Shakedown”, in JAG, season 4, episode 18, CBS:
  Harmon Rabb (David James Elliott): Are you dogging Harm's special meatless meatloaf?
  Sarah MacKenzie (Catherine Bell): Let's put it this way. If you were to make the Harmon Special on this ship, they'd have to unload it with the toxic waste.
(transitive, military) To divide (a watch) with a comrade.
- 1902, Winfield Scott Schley, Record of Proceedings of a Court of Inquiry
  A. We never stood 4 to 8 p.m. watches, sir. We dogged our watches.
  Q. I suppose that is 6 to 8 p.m., then; it is a little indistinct. I mean the second dog watch.
- 2015, Tom Vetter, 30,000 Leagues Undersea
  Meanwhile, we dogged the watch sections so that both halves of the crew could fetch full sea bags of uniforms and gear […]

Derived terms

all dogged up

Translations

to pursue with the intent to catch

Bulgarian: преследвам (bg) (presledvam)
Dutch: jagen (nl), vervolgen (nl)
Finnish: jahdata (fi), ajaa takaa (fi)
Georgian: ნადირობა (nadiroba)
German: jagen (de), verfolgen (de), hetzen (de)
Russian: преследовать (ru) (presledovatʹ)
Spanish: perseguir (es)

to follow in an annoying way

Bulgarian: ходя по петите (hodja po petite)
Dutch: plagen (nl), pesten (nl)
Finnish: vainota (fi), ahdistaa (fi)
German: verfolgen (de), plagen (de), an den Fersen bleiben

to fasten a hatch securely

Dutch: bevestigen (nl), vastmaken (nl)
Finnish: lukita (fi), sulkea (fi)
German: befestigen (de), sichern (de), fixieren (de), festmachen (de)

Etymology 2

Clipping of dogshit.

Adjective

dog (not comparable)

(slang) Of inferior quality; dogshit.

References

Hans Kurath, Sherman M. Kuhn, Middle English Dictionary (1962, →ISBN), page 4, page 1204
Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898), “docga”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Laurel Brinton, Alexander Bergs, Old English (2017, →ISBN), page 59: "In addition, the velar [ɡɡ] and palatal [ɡɡj] geminates could be written as <gg> or <cg>, as in <dogga> ~ <docga> ..."; Richard M. Hogg, Norman Francis Blake, The Cambridge History of the English Language (1992, →ISBN), volume 1, age 91 says much the same.
Piotr Gąsiorowski, 2006. The Etymology of Old English *docga. Indogermanische Forschungen, 111.
Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “dog”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Anagrams

God, god

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch docht.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɔχ/
Audio (file)

Verb

dog

Alternative form of dag (preterite of dink)

Bislama

Etymology

From English dog. Cognate with Tok Pisin dok.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdoɡ/
Hyphenation: dog

Noun

dog

dog

References

Terry Crowley (2004) Bislama Reference Grammar, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press, →ISBN, page 37

Chinese

Etymology 1

From English dog, which is translation of 狗 (gau2, “dog”), which is a homophone of 九 (gau2, “nine”), which is a euphemism of 鳩／鸠 (gau1, “fucking; stupid”).

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): dok¹, gau²

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: dok¹, gau²
  - Yale: dōk, gáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dok⁷, gau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: dog¹, geo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔːk̚⁵/, /kɐu̯³⁵/

Noun

dog

(Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak, euphemistic) Alternative form of 鳩／鸠 (gau1).

Adjective

dog

(Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak, euphemistic) Alternative form of 鳩／鸠 (gau1).

Derived terms

on dog
on dog dog

Etymology 2

From English dog.

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): dok¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: dok¹
  - Yale: dōk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dok⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: dog¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔːk̚⁵/

Noun

dog

(Hong Kong Cantonese) The name of the Latin-script letter D.

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish dogh, which was borrowed from Middle Low German doch, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þauh.

Adverb

dog

however
Det er dog ikke sikkert, at de taler sandt.
It is, however, not certain that they are telling the truth.
Conveying impressedness, emotional affectation, bewilderment.
Hvor er den hund dog nuttet!
How cute that dog is!
Sikke dramatisk du dog kan fremstille sagen!
How dramatically you can present the matter!

Conjunction

dog

though

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English dog. Attested since the 16th century.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɔx/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: dog
Rhymes: -ɔx
Homophone: doch

Noun

dog m (plural doggen, diminutive dogje n)

A large dog, especially one of certain breeds.

Derived terms

Deense dog

Kriol

Etymology

From English dog.

Noun

dog

dog

Mbabaram

Etymology

From *dwog(a), from *udwoga, from *gudwaga, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *gudaga. Related to Dyirbal guda, Yidiny gudaga. False cognate of English dog.[1][2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɔɡ/[2]

Noun

dog

dog

References

Language Hat, excerpting Dixon's Memoirs of a Field Worker
Stephen R. Anderson, Languages: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2012), 36.

Navajo

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

dog

thump, dub (sound of a heartbeat; thumping sound of a person walking on the roof of a house as heard by someone in the house)

Synonyms

tsʼidog

Norwegian Bokmål

Adverb

dog

however

Conjunction

dog

though

Portuguese

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈdɔ.ɡi/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈdɔ.ɡe/

Noun

dog m (plural dogs)

Clipping of hot dog.

Romanian

Etymology

From French dogue, from English dog.

Noun

dog m (plural dogi)

mastiff

Declension

Declension of dog

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) dog	dogul	(niște) dogi	dogii
genitive/dative	(unui) dog	dogului	(unor) dogi	dogilor
vocative	dogule		dogilor

Swedish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /duːɡ/

Verb

dog

past tense of dö.

Anagrams

god

Torres Strait Creole

Etymology

From English dog.

Noun

dog

dog

Volapük

Etymology

From English dog.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [doɡ]

Noun

dog (nominative plural dogs)

(male or female) dog

Declension

declension of dog

	singular	plural
nominative	dog	dogs
genitive	doga	dogas
dative	doge	doges
accusative	dogi	dogis
vocative ¹	o dog!	o dogs!
predicative ²	dogu	dogus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

bludadog
dafadog
dogacek
dogadom
dogahipul
dogajipul
dogakek
dogalecek
dogalif
dogalucek
dogarosad
dogarosadabimül
dogem
dogibrid
dogibridan
dogibridöp
dogihibridan
dogihikälan
dogijibridan
dogijikälan
dogik
dogikolär
dogikälan
dogil
dogilik
doginulüdot
dogül
dogülik
domadog
dugadog
farmadog
flutülön dogi
hidog
hidogil
hidogül
hodog
jidog
jidogil
jidogül
jodog
krigakäladog
lievadog
lupadog
mitanadog
pädritadog
sadinadog
sigretadog
sismaladog
sukadog
sukäladog
vümadog
vümadogil
yagadog

Related terms

doeg
toradoeg

Westrobothnian

Adjective

dog

proper, a lot; added to adj. to reinforce the meaning
Dog snål
particularly stingy
Dog lat
very lazy

[1] Hans Kurath, Sherman M. Kuhn, Middle English Dictionary (1962, →ISBN), page 4, page 1204

[2] Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898), “docga”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[3] Laurel Brinton, Alexander Bergs, Old English (2017, →ISBN), page 59: "In addition, the velar [ɡɡ] and palatal [ɡɡj] geminates could be written as <gg> or <cg>, as in <dogga> ~ <docga> ..."; Richard M. Hogg, Norman Francis Blake, The Cambridge History of the English Language (1992, →ISBN), volume 1, age 91 says much the same.

[4] Piotr Gąsiorowski, 2006. The Etymology of Old English *docga. Indogermanische Forschungen, 111.

[8] Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “dog”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

[9] Language Hat, excerpting Dixon's Memoirs of a Field Worker

[anderson-10] Stephen R. Anderson, Languages: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2012), 36.

dog

English

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Synonyms

Hypernyms

Hyponyms

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

Verb

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

Adjective

See also

Further reading

References

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Bislama

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Chinese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Adjective

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Danish

Etymology

Adverb

Conjunction

Dutch

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Kriol

Etymology

Noun

Mbabaram

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Navajo

Etymology

Interjection

Synonyms

Norwegian Bokmål

Adverb

Conjunction

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Noun

Romanian

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Swedish

Pronunciation

Verb

Anagrams

Torres Strait Creole

Etymology

Noun

Volapük