diliman
Tagalog
Etymology
From dilim + -an.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: di‧li‧man
- IPA(key): /diliˈman/, [dɪ.lɪˈman]
Noun
dilimán
- (botany) a vine used to tie fishing pens (Stenochlaena palustris)
- Synonyms: agnaya, hagnaya
- dark place
Verb
dilimán (complete diniliman, progressive dinidiliman, contemplative didiliman)
- to darken something; to make dark or obscure something
- Synonyms: lamlaman, palamlamin, padilimin, palabuin
Conjugation
Verb conjugation for diliman (Class I) - um/an object verb
| Root word | dilim | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | ||||
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | Recently Complete | ||
| Actor | -um- | dumilim | dumilim | dumidilim nadilim2 | didilim madilim2 | kadidilim1 kakadilim |
| Object | -an | diliman | diniliman | dinidiliman inadiliman2 | didiliman adiliman2 | — |
| Locative | pag- -an | pagdiliman | pinagdiliman | pinapagdiliman pinagdidiliman | papagdiliman pagdidiliman | — |
| Benefactive | i- | idilim | idinilim | idinidilim | ididilim | — |
| Instrument | ipang- | ipandilim | ipinandilim | ipinapandilim | ipapandilim | — |
| Causative | ika- | ikadilim | ikinadilim | ikinadidilim1 ikinakadilim | ikadidilim1 ikakadilim | — |
| i-3 | idilim | idinilim | idinidilim | ididilim | — | |
| Measurement | i- | idilim | idinilim | idinidilim | ididilim | — |
| 1Used in formal contexts. 2Dialectal use only. 3Generally avoided unless the cause is emphasized. | ||||||
Indirect (pa-) verb forms
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | Recently Complete | ||
| Actor | magpa- | magpadilim | nagpadilim | nagpapadilim | magpapadilim | kapadidilim1 kapapadilim kapagpapadilim kakapadilim |
| Actor-secondary | pa- -in | padilimin | pinadilim | pinadidilim pinapadilim | padidilimin papadilimin | — |
| Object | pa- -an | padiliman | pinadiliman | pinapadiliman pinadidiliman | papadiliman padidiliman | — |
| Benefactive | ipagpa- | ipagpadilim | ipinagpadilim | ipinagpapadilim1 ipinapagpadilim | ipagpapadilim1 ipapagpadilim | — |
| Causative | ikapagpa- | ikapagpadilim | ikinapagpadilim | ikinapagpapadilim1 ikinakapagpadilim | ikapagpapadilim1 ikakapagpadilim | — |
| Locative | pagpa- -an | pagpadiliman | pinagpadiliman | pinagpapadidiliman1 pinapagpadiliman | pagpapadidiliman1 papagpadiliman | — |
| papag- -an | papagdiliman | pinapagdiliman | pinapapagdiliman | papapagdiliman | — | |
| 1Used in formal contexts. | ||||||
Ability/involuntary (maka-/ma-) verb forms
| Direct action verbs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | |||
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | ||
| Actor | maka- | makadilim | nakadilim | nakadidilim1 nakakadilim | makadidilim1 makakadilim |
| mapa-2 | mapadilim | napadilim | napadidilim1 napapadilim | mapadidilim1 mapapadilim | |
| Object | ma- -an | madiliman | nadiliman | nadidiliman | madidiliman |
| Benefactive | mai- | maidilim | naidilim | naididilim | maididilim |
| Causative | maika- | maikadilim | naikadilim | naikadidilim1 naikakadilim naiikadilim | naikadidilim1 naikakadilim naiikadilim |
| mai- | maidilim | naidilim | naididilim | maididilim | |
| Locative | mapag- -an | mapagdiliman | napagdiliman | napagdidiliman1 napapagdiliman | mapagdidiliman1 mapapagdiliman |
| Indirect action verbs | |||||
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | |||
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | ||
| Actor | makapagpa- | makapagpadilim | nakapagpadilim | nakapagpapadilim1 nakakapagpadilim | makapagpapadilim1 makakapagpadilim |
| Actor-secondary | mapa- | mapadilim | napadilim | napadidilim1 napapadilim | mapadidilim1 mapapadilim |
| Object | mapa- -an | mapadiliman | napadiliman | napadidiliman1 napapadiliman | mapadidiliman1 mapapadiliman |
| Benefactive | maipagpa- | maipagpadilim | naipagpadilim | naipagpapadilim1 naipapagpadilim naiipagpadilim | maipagpapadilim1 maipapagpadilim maiipagpadilim |
| Causative | maikapagpa- | maikapagpadilim | naikapagpadilim | naikapagpapadilim1 naikakapagpadilim naiikapagpadilim | maikapagpapadilim1 maikakapagpadilim maiikapagpadilim |
| Locative | mapagpa- -an | mapagpadiliman | napagpadiliman | napagpapadidiliman1 napapagpadiliman | mapagpapadidiliman1 mapapagpadiliman |
| mapapag- -an | mapapagdiliman | napapagdiliman | napapapagdiliman | mapapapagdiliman | |
| 1Used in formal contexts. 2Only for involuntary actions, not for ability verbs. | |||||
Social (maki-) verb forms
| Form | Affix | Aspect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | ||
| Direct | maki- | makidilim | nakidilim | nakikidilim | makikidilim |
| Indirect | makipagpa- | makipagpadilim | nakipagpadilim | nakikipagpadilim | makikipagpadilim |
Alternative forms
- dilman
Further reading
- “diliman”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018
- Bulletin, Bureau of Public Printing, 1916
- Merrill, Elmer Drew (1903) A dictionary of the plant names of the Philippine Islands