croesholi
Welsh
Etymology
From croes (“cross”) + holi (“to question”).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /krɔɨ̯sˈhɔlɪ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /krɔi̯sˈhoːli/, /ˈkrɔi̯sˈhɔli/
Verb
croesholi (first-person singular present croesholaf)
- (transitive, intransitive) to cross-question, cross-examine
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | croesholaf | croesholi | croeshola | croesholwn | croesholwch | croesholant | croesholir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | croesholwn | croesholit | croesholai | croesholem | croesholech | croesholent | croesholid | |
| preterite | croesholais | croesholaist | croesholodd | croesholasom | croesholasoch | croesholasant | croesholwyd | |
| pluperfect | croesholaswn | croesholasit | croesholasai | croesholasem | croesholasech | croesholasent | croesholasid, croesholesid | |
| present subjunctive | croesholwyf | croesholych | croesholo | croesholom | croesholoch | croesholont | croesholer | |
| imperative | — | croeshola | croesholed | croesholwn | croesholwch | croesholent | croesholer | |
| verbal noun | croesholi | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | croesholedig croesholadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | croesholia i, croesholiaf i | croesholi di | croesholith o/e/hi, croesholiff e/hi | croesholiwn ni | croesholiwch chi | croesholian nhw |
| conditional | croesholiwn i, croesholiswn i | croesholiet ti, croesholiset ti | croesholiai fo/fe/hi, croesholisai fo/fe/hi | croesholien ni, croesholisen ni | croesholiech chi, croesholisech chi | croesholien nhw, croesholisen nhw |
| preterite | croesholiais i, croesholies i | croesholiaist ti, croesholiest ti | croesholiodd o/e/hi | croesholion ni | croesholioch chi | croesholion nhw |
| imperative | — | croesholia | — | — | croesholiwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- croesholiad m (“cross-questioning”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| croesholi | groesholi | nghroesholi | chroesholi |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- Angharad Fychan and Ann Parry Owen, editors (2014), “croesholi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies