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单词 course
释义

course

See also: coursé and 'course

English

Pronunciation

  • (with the horse-hoarse merger)
    • (Received Pronunciation) enPR: kôs, IPA(key): /kɔːs/
    • (General American) enPR: kôrs, IPA(key): /kɔɹs/, /koɹs/[1][2]
      Audio (GA)(file)
    • Homophone: coarse
    • Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)s
  • (without the horse–hoarse merger)
    • (rhotic) enPR: kōrs, IPA(key): /koːɹs/
    • (non-rhotic) IPA(key): /koəs/
  • (Tasmania) IPA(key): /kɜːs/
    Homophone: curse (Tasmania)
    Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)s (Tasmania)
  • (obsolete) IPA(key): /kuːɹs/, /kʊɹs/[3]

Etymology 1

From Middle English cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of cursus and cour.

Noun

course (plural courses)

  1. A sequence of events.
    The normal course of events seems to be just one damned thing after another.
    1. A normal or customary sequence.
      • c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene i]:
        The course of true love never did run smooth.
      • 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:
        Day and night, / Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost, / Shall hold their course.
    2. A programme, a chosen manner of proceeding.
    3. Any ordered process or sequence of steps.
    4. A learning programme, whether a single class or (UK) a major area of study.
      I need to take a French course.
      • 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond
        During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]
      • 1992 August 21, Edwina Currie, Diary:
        Her course will be ‘Communication Studies with Theatre Studies’: God, how tedious, how pointless.
      • 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
        Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.
    5. (especially in medicine) A treatment plan.
      • 1932, Agatha Christie, The Thirteen Problems
        Miss Clark, alarmed at her increasing stoutness, was doing a course of what is popularly known as banting.
    6. A stage of a meal.
      We offer seafood as the first course.
    7. The succession of one to another in office or duty; order; turn.
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 2 Chronicles 8:14:
        He appointed […] the courses of the priests.
  2. A path that something or someone moves along.
    His illness ran its course.
    1. The itinerary of a race.
      The cross-country course passes the canal.
    2. A racecourse.
    3. The path taken by a flow of water; a watercourse.
    4. (sports) The trajectory of a ball, frisbee etc.
    5. (golf) A golf course.
    6. (nautical) The direction of movement of a vessel at any given moment.
      The ship changed its course 15 degrees towards south.
    7. (navigation) The intended passage of voyage, such as a boat, ship, airplane, spaceship, etc.
      A course was plotted to traverse the ocean.
    8. (India, historical) The drive usually frequented by Europeans at an Indian station.
      • 1853, William Delafield Arnold, Oakfield; or, Fellowship in the East, ii, page 124:
        It was curious to Oakfield to be back on the Ferozepore course, after a six months' interval, which seemed like years. How much had happened in these six months!
  3. (nautical) The lowest square sail in a fully rigged mast, often named according to the mast.
    Main course and mainsail are the same thing in a sailing ship.
  4. (in the plural, courses, obsolete, euphemistic) Menses.
  5. A row or file of objects.
    1. (masonry) A row of bricks or blocks.
      On a building that size, two crews could only lay two courses in a day.
    2. (roofing) A row of material that forms the roofing, waterproofing or flashing system.
    3. (textiles) In weft knitting, a single row of loops connecting the loops of the preceding and following rows.
  6. (music) One or more strings on some musical instruments (such as the guitar, lute or vihuela): if multiple, then closely spaced, tuned in unison or octaves and intended to played together.
Hyponyms
  • bird course
  • crash course
  • due course
  • massive open online course (MOOC)
Derived terms
  • access course
  • aftercourse
  • assault course
  • back course
  • belt course
  • Bestuzhev course
  • blocking course
  • collision course
  • conversion course
  • core course
  • correspondence course
  • course authoring tool
  • course credit
  • courseless
  • courselike
  • course load
  • course of action
  • course to steer
  • course work
  • cross-course
  • damp course
  • e-course
  • full-course yellow
  • golf course
  • gut course
  • horses for courses
  • in due course (in course)
  • let nature take its course
  • main course
  • matter of course
  • mizzen course
  • obstacle course
  • of course (of course my horse)
  • off course
  • on course
  • ordinary course of business
  • out-of-course
  • out of course
  • par for the course
  • protection course
  • racecourse
  • refresher course
  • ridge course
  • run its course
  • service course
  • stay the course
  • stretching course
  • stringcourse
  • take its course
  • the course of true love never did run smooth
  • weeder course
English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱers-‎ (0 c, 45 e)
Descendants
  • → Gulf Arabic: كورس‎ (kōrs)
Translations
racecourse — see racecourse
path taken by a flow of water — see watercourse
golf course — see golf course
lowest square sail in a fully rigged mast — See also translations at mainsail
menses — see menses
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

course (third-person singular simple present courses, present participle coursing, simple past and past participle coursed)

  1. To run or flow (especially of liquids and more particularly blood).
    The oil coursed through the engine.
    Blood pumped around the human body courses throughout all its veins and arteries.
    • 2013, Martina Hyde, "Is the pope Catholic?", The Guardian, 20 September 2013
      He is a South American, so perhaps revolutionary spirit courses through Francis's veins. But what, pray, does the Catholic church want with doubt?
  2. (transitive) To run through or over.
  3. (transitive) To pursue by tracking or estimating the course taken by one's prey; to follow or chase after.
    • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene vi]:
      We coursed him at the heels.
  4. (transitive) To cause to chase after or pursue game.
    to course greyhounds after deer
Derived terms
  • coursing joint
Translations

Adverb

course (not comparable)

  1. (colloquial) Ellipsis of of course.
    • 1922, A. M. Chisholm, A Thousand a Plate:
      "Course it's mighty hard to tell till we've put out a few traps," said the former, "but it looks to me like we've struck it lucky."
    • 1946, Mezz Mezzrow; Bernard Wolfe, Really the Blues, New York: Random House, page 209:
      Course, my home wasn't exactly in Harlem […]

References

  1. “course”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (uses the notation ˈkȯrs, or in IPA [ˈkoɚs, ˈkɔɚs])
  2. “course”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present. (uses the notation /kɔrs, koʊrs/)
  3. Jespersen, Otto (1909) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)‎, volume I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 13.36, page 368.

Anagrams

  • Couser, Crouse, Crusoe, cerous, coures, crouse, source

Chinese

Etymology

From English course.

Pronunciation

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): ko1 si2
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: ko1 si2
      • Yale: kō sí
      • Cantonese Pinyin: ko1 si2
      • Guangdong Romanization: ko1 xi2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɔː⁵⁵ siː³⁵/
Note: often realised as /kʰɔːs⁵⁵/ by younger speakers.

Noun

course

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) course; learning programme (Classifier: 個／个)
    報course／报course [Cantonese]  ―  bou3 ko1 si2 [Jyutping]  ―  to apply for a course
  2. (Hong Kong Cantonese) course; programme for treatment

References

  • English Loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese

French

Etymology

From Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”), with influence of Italian corsa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kuʁs/
  • audio(file)

Noun

course f (plural courses)

  1. run, running
  2. race
  3. errand

Usage notes

  • course is a false friend, it does not mean "course". To translate the English word course to French, use cours.

Derived terms

  • au pas de course
  • champ de course
  • cheval de course
  • course aux armements
  • course aux flambeaux
  • course d'obstacles
  • course d'orientation
  • course sur luge
  • faire les courses
  • luge de course
  • résultat des courses

Descendants

  • → Romanian: cursă

Further reading

  • “course”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

  • coeurs, cœurs
  • coures
  • écrous
  • source

Middle English

Noun

course

  1. Alternative form of cours

Adjective

course

  1. Alternative form of cours

Norman

Etymology

From Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”).

Noun

course f (plural courses)

  1. (Jersey) course
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