chicaner
English
Etymology
Compare French chicaneur.
Noun
chicaner (plural chicaners)
- One who uses chicanery.
- 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], OCLC 153628242:
- distinguish the two most different things I know in the world , a logical chicaner from a man of reason
-
References
- chicaner in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
Anagrams
- chancier
French
Etymology
From Middle French chicaner, from Middle Low German schicken, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skikkijaną, the selfsame origin of modern French chic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃi.ka.ne/
Audio (file)
Verb
chicaner
- (transitive) to get (someone) into an argument
- (reflexive, reciprocal) to quibble, squabble (to complain or argue in a trivial or petty manner)
- C'est inutile de se chicaner.
- It's pointless to squabble.
- Mais pourquoi est-ce que vous vous chicanez ?
- Just why are you bickering?
Conjugation
Conjugation of chicaner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | chicaner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | chicanant /ʃi.ka.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | chicané /ʃi.ka.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | chicane /ʃi.kan/ | chicanes /ʃi.kan/ | chicane /ʃi.kan/ | chicanons /ʃi.ka.nɔ̃/ | chicanez /ʃi.ka.ne/ | chicanent /ʃi.kan/ |
| imperfect | chicanais /ʃi.ka.nɛ/ | chicanais /ʃi.ka.nɛ/ | chicanait /ʃi.ka.nɛ/ | chicanions /ʃi.ka.njɔ̃/ | chicaniez /ʃi.ka.nje/ | chicanaient /ʃi.ka.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | chicanai /ʃi.ka.ne/ | chicanas /ʃi.ka.na/ | chicana /ʃi.ka.na/ | chicanâmes /ʃi.ka.nam/ | chicanâtes /ʃi.ka.nat/ | chicanèrent /ʃi.ka.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | chicanerai /ʃi.kan.ʁe/ | chicaneras /ʃi.kan.ʁa/ | chicanera /ʃi.kan.ʁa/ | chicanerons /ʃi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ | chicanerez /ʃi.kan.ʁe/ | chicaneront /ʃi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | chicanerais /ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ | chicanerais /ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ | chicanerait /ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ | chicanerions /ʃi.ka.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ | chicaneriez /ʃi.ka.nə.ʁje/ | chicaneraient /ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | chicane /ʃi.kan/ | chicanes /ʃi.kan/ | chicane /ʃi.kan/ | chicanions /ʃi.ka.njɔ̃/ | chicaniez /ʃi.ka.nje/ | chicanent /ʃi.kan/ |
| imperfect2 | chicanasse /ʃi.ka.nas/ | chicanasses /ʃi.ka.nas/ | chicanât /ʃi.ka.na/ | chicanassions /ʃi.ka.na.sjɔ̃/ | chicanassiez /ʃi.ka.na.sje/ | chicanassent /ʃi.ka.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | chicane /ʃi.kan/ | — | chicanons /ʃi.ka.nɔ̃/ | chicanez /ʃi.ka.ne/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Conjugation of se chicaner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | se chicaner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | se chicanant /sə ʃi.ka.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | chicané /ʃi.ka.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | me chicane /mə ʃi.kan/ | te chicanes /tə ʃi.kan/ | se chicane /sə ʃi.kan/ | nous chicanons /nu ʃi.ka.nɔ̃/ | vous chicanez /vu ʃi.ka.ne/ | se chicanent /sə ʃi.kan/ |
| imperfect | me chicanais /mə ʃi.ka.nɛ/ | te chicanais /tə ʃi.ka.nɛ/ | se chicanait /sə ʃi.ka.nɛ/ | nous chicanions /nu ʃi.ka.njɔ̃/ | vous chicaniez /vu ʃi.ka.nje/ | se chicanaient /sə ʃi.ka.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | me chicanai /mə ʃi.ka.ne/ | te chicanas /tə ʃi.ka.na/ | se chicana /sə ʃi.ka.na/ | nous chicanâmes /nu ʃi.ka.nam/ | vous chicanâtes /vu ʃi.ka.nat/ | se chicanèrent /sə ʃi.ka.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | me chicanerai /mə ʃi.kan.ʁe/ | te chicaneras /tə ʃi.kan.ʁa/ | se chicanera /sə ʃi.kan.ʁa/ | nous chicanerons /nu ʃi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ | vous chicanerez /vu ʃi.kan.ʁe/ | se chicaneront /sə ʃi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | me chicanerais /mə ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ | te chicanerais /tə ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ | se chicanerait /sə ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ | nous chicanerions /nu ʃi.ka.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ | vous chicaneriez /vu ʃi.ka.nə.ʁje/ | se chicaneraient /sə ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | me chicane /mə ʃi.kan/ | te chicanes /tə ʃi.kan/ | se chicane /sə ʃi.kan/ | nous chicanions /nu ʃi.ka.njɔ̃/ | vous chicaniez /vu ʃi.ka.nje/ | se chicanent /sə ʃi.kan/ |
| imperfect2 | me chicanasse /mə ʃi.ka.nas/ | te chicanasses /tə ʃi.ka.nas/ | se chicanât /sə ʃi.ka.na/ | nous chicanassions /nu ʃi.ka.na.sjɔ̃/ | vous chicanassiez /vu ʃi.ka.na.sje/ | se chicanassent /sə ʃi.ka.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | chicane-toi /ʃi.kan.twa/ | — | chicanons-nous /ʃi.ka.nɔ̃.nu/ | chicanez-vous /ʃi.ka.ne.vu/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “chicaner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.