chapar
Galician
Etymology 1
Onomatopoeic. From *klapp-, either cognate with or borrowed from Proto-Germanic *klappōjaną (“to clap; palpitate; sound”): English clap, Dutch klappen.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃaˈpaɾ/
Verb
chapar (first-person singular present chapo, first-person singular preterite chapei, past participle chapado)
- (intransitive) to splash with the oars
- (colloquial, transitive) to eat noisily
- (colloquial, transitive) to catch in the air
- (colloquial, mildly derogatory, transitive, intransitive) to swot; to cram or memorize for an exam
- Escusen chapar para o exame se aínda nen entenden os conceptos máis básicos.
- You should avoid cramming for the exam if you don't even understand the most basic concepts yet.
Conjugation
Conjugation of chapar
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | chapar | |||||
| personal | chapar | chapares | chapar | chaparmos | chapardes | chaparen |
| Gerund | ||||||
| chapando | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | chapado | chapados | ||||
| feminine | chapada | chapadas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | chapo | chapas | chapa | chapamos | chapades | chapan |
| imperfect | chapaba | chapabas | chapaba | chapabamos | chapabades | chapaban |
| preterite | chapei | chapaches | chapou | chapamos | chapastes | chaparon |
| pluperfect | chapara | chaparas | chapara | chaparamos | chaparades | chaparan |
| future | chaparei | chaparás | chapará | chaparemos | chaparedes | chaparán |
| conditional | chaparía | chaparías | chaparía | chapariamos | chapariades | chaparían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | chape | chapes | chape | chapemos | chapedes | chapen |
| preterite | chapase | chapases | chapase | chapásemos | chapásedes | chapasen |
| future | chapar | chapares | chapar | chaparmos | chapardes | chaparen |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | chapa | chape | chapemos | chapade | chapen |
| negative | – | chapes | chape | chapemos | chapedes | chapen |
Derived terms
- chapada
Related terms
- chapear
- chapexar
- chapiñar
- chapón
- chapuzar
Etymology 2
From chapa (“plate”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃaˈpaɾ/
Verb
chapar (first-person singular present chapo, first-person singular preterite chapei, past participle chapado)
- (transitive) to reinforce with metal plates; to plate
- (transitive) to nail
Conjugation
Conjugation of chapar
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | chapar | |||||
| personal | chapar | chapares | chapar | chaparmos | chapardes | chaparen |
| Gerund | ||||||
| chapando | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | chapado | chapados | ||||
| feminine | chapada | chapadas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | chapo | chapas | chapa | chapamos | chapades | chapan |
| imperfect | chapaba | chapabas | chapaba | chapabamos | chapabades | chapaban |
| preterite | chapei | chapaches | chapou | chapamos | chapastes | chaparon |
| pluperfect | chapara | chaparas | chapara | chaparamos | chaparades | chaparan |
| future | chaparei | chaparás | chapará | chaparemos | chaparedes | chaparán |
| conditional | chaparía | chaparías | chaparía | chapariamos | chapariades | chaparían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | chape | chapes | chape | chapemos | chapedes | chapen |
| preterite | chapase | chapases | chapase | chapásemos | chapásedes | chapasen |
| future | chapar | chapares | chapar | chaparmos | chapardes | chaparen |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | chapa | chape | chapemos | chapade | chapen |
| negative | – | chapes | chape | chapemos | chapedes | chapen |
Derived terms
- chapear
- chaprar
Related terms
- chapa
- chapra
References
- “chapar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “chapar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “chapar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Portuguese
Etymology
From chapa (“plate”) + -ar.[1][2][3][4] Compare Spanish chapar.
Verb
chapar (first-person singular present chapo, first-person singular preterite chapei, past participle chapado)
- to cover with metal plates
- (Brazil, slang, transitive) to stone (to intoxicate, especially with narcotics)
Conjugation
Conjugation of chapar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | chapar | |||||
| Personal | chapar | chapares | chapar | chaparmos | chapardes | chaparem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| chapando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | chapado | chapados | ||||
| Feminine | chapada | chapadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | chapo | chapas | chapa | chapamos | chapais | chapam |
| Imperfect | chapava | chapavas | chapava | chapávamos | chapáveis | chapavam |
| Preterite | chapei | chapaste | chapou | chapamos1, chapámos2 | chapastes | chaparam |
| Pluperfect | chapara | chaparas | chapara | chapáramos | chapáreis | chaparam |
| Future | chaparei | chaparás | chapará | chaparemos | chapareis | chaparão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| chaparia | chaparias | chaparia | chaparíamos | chaparíeis | chapariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | chape | chapes | chape | chapemos | chapeis | chapem |
| Imperfect | chapasse | chapasses | chapasse | chapássemos | chapásseis | chapassem |
| Future | chapar | chapares | chapar | chaparmos | chapardes | chaparem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | chapa | chape | chapemos | chapai | chapem | |
| Negative (não) | não chapes | não chape | não chapemos | não chapeis | não chapem | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
References
- “chapar” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- “chapar” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
- “chapar” in iDicionário Aulete.
- “chapar” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
Spanish
Etymology
See chapa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃaˈpaɾ/ [t͡ʃaˈpaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: cha‧par
Verb
chapar (first-person singular present chapo, first-person singular preterite chapé, past participle chapado)
- (transitive) to veneer
- (transitive) to plate (as with metal)
- (transitive) to say a hard truth
- (transitive, Peru) to grab something quickly
- (intransitive, colloquial) to swot (study hard)
- (colloquial, Argentina, Peru) to kiss, smooch
Conjugation
Conjugation of chapar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | chapar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | chapando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | chapado | chapada | |||||
| plural | chapados | chapadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | chapo | chapastú chapásvos | chapa | chapamos | chapáis | chapan | |
| imperfect | chapaba | chapabas | chapaba | chapábamos | chapabais | chapaban | |
| preterite | chapé | chapaste | chapó | chapamos | chapasteis | chaparon | |
| future | chaparé | chaparás | chapará | chaparemos | chaparéis | chaparán | |
| conditional | chaparía | chaparías | chaparía | chaparíamos | chaparíais | chaparían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | chape | chapestú chapésvos2 | chape | chapemos | chapéis | chapen | |
| imperfect (ra) | chapara | chaparas | chapara | chapáramos | chaparais | chaparan | |
| imperfect (se) | chapase | chapases | chapase | chapásemos | chapaseis | chapasen | |
| future1 | chapare | chapares | chapare | chapáremos | chapareis | chaparen | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | chapatú chapávos | chape | chapemos | chapad | chapen | ||
| negative | no chapes | no chape | no chapemos | no chapéis | no chapen | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of chapar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive chapar | |||||||
| dative | chaparme | chaparte | chaparle, chaparse | chaparnos | chaparos | chaparles, chaparse | |
| accusative | chaparme | chaparte | chaparlo, chaparla, chaparse | chaparnos | chaparos | chaparlos, chaparlas, chaparse | |
| with gerund chapando | |||||||
| dative | chapándome | chapándote | chapándole, chapándose | chapándonos | chapándoos | chapándoles, chapándose | |
| accusative | chapándome | chapándote | chapándolo, chapándola, chapándose | chapándonos | chapándoos | chapándolos, chapándolas, chapándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative chapa | |||||||
| dative | chápame | chápate | chápale | chápanos | not used | chápales | |
| accusative | chápame | chápate | chápalo, chápala | chápanos | not used | chápalos, chápalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative chapá | |||||||
| dative | chapame | chapate | chapale | chapanos | not used | chapales | |
| accusative | chapame | chapate | chapalo, chapala | chapanos | not used | chapalos, chapalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative chape | |||||||
| dative | chápeme | not used | chápele, chápese | chápenos | not used | chápeles | |
| accusative | chápeme | not used | chápelo, chápela, chápese | chápenos | not used | chápelos, chápelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative chapemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | chapémoste | chapémosle | chapémonos | chapémoos | chapémosles | |
| accusative | not used | chapémoste | chapémoslo, chapémosla | chapémonos | chapémoos | chapémoslos, chapémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative chapad | |||||||
| dative | chapadme | not used | chapadle | chapadnos | chapaos | chapadles | |
| accusative | chapadme | not used | chapadlo, chapadla | chapadnos | chapaos | chapadlos, chapadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative chapen | |||||||
| dative | chápenme | not used | chápenle | chápennos | not used | chápenles, chápense | |
| accusative | chápenme | not used | chápenlo, chápenla | chápennos | not used | chápenlos, chápenlas, chápense | |
Derived terms
- chapón m, chapona f
Further reading
- “chapar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014