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单词 chama
释义

chama

See also: chamá and -chama

English

Etymology

From Swahili chama (“organization, society”).

Noun

chama (plural chamas)

  1. (East Africa, chiefly Kenya) An informal cooperative society, usually for pooling and investing savings.

Anagrams

  • Macha

Galician

Chamas ("flames")

Etymology 1

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese chama (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin flamma (“flame”). Cognate with Portuguese chama and Spanish llama.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃama̝/

Noun

chama f (plural chamas)

  1. flame
    Synonym: lapa
Derived terms
  • chamizo
  • chamurra
  • chamuscar

Verb

chama

  1. third-person singular present indicative of chamar
  2. second-person singular imperative of chamar

References

  • “chama” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “chama” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “chama” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “chama” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “chama” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Garo

Verb

chama

  1. to distribute among individuals

Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxamˠə/

Adjective

chama

  1. Lenited form of cama.

Latin

Etymology 1

Variant form of chēma, from Ancient Greek χήμη (khḗmē).

Noun

chāma f (genitive chāmae); first declension

  1. bivalve, shellfish, clam; cockle
Declension

First-declension noun.

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativechāmachāmae
Genitivechāmaechāmārum
Dativechāmaechāmīs
Accusativechāmamchāmās
Ablativechāmāchāmīs
Vocativechāmachāmae

Etymology 2

Unknown. Used by Pliny the Elder in Naturalis Historia.

Noun

chama n (genitive chamatis); third declension

  1. lynx
    • (Can we date this quote?), Plinius, Naturalis Historia, liber I. In: Pliny Natural History with an English translation by H. Rackham, vol. I, 1961, p. 40–43:
      Libro VIII. continentur: [...] (xxvi-xxx) De camelis; genera eorum. de camelopardali; quando primimi Romae visa. de chamate. de cephis, de rhinocerote. de lynce et sphingibus. de crocottis. de cercopithecis.
      Book VIII. Contents: [...] (xxvi-xxx) Camels; their kinds. The giraffe; when first seen at Rome. The spotted lynx. The cephi. The rhinoceros. The lynx and the sphynxes. The crocottae.b The long-tailed monkeys.
      b Perhaps the hyena.
Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativechamachamata
Genitivechamatischamatum
Dativechamatīchamatibus
Accusativechamachamata
Ablativechamatechamatibus
Vocativechamachamata

Further reading

  • “chama”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • chama in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • chama in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette

Old Irish

Adjective

chama

  1. Alternative spelling of chamma: Lenited form of cama.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈʃɐ̃.mɐ/
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈʃɐ.ma/
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈʃɐ.mɐ/

  • (Northern Portugal) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃa.mɐ]
  • Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɐmɐ, (Brazil) -ɐ̃mɐ
  • Hyphenation: cha‧ma

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese chama, from Latin flamma, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlē- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Cognate with Spanish llama. Doublet of flama.

Noun

chama f (plural chamas)

  1. flame (visible part of fire)
    Synonym: flama
  2. (figurative) flame (great zeal or passion)
    Synonym: ardor

See also

  • fogo, incêndio, labareda, língua de fogo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

chama

  1. inflection of chamar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Spanish

Noun

chama m (plural chamas)

  1. chama
  2. female equivalent of chamo

Further reading

  • “chama”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swahili

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Noun

chama (ki-vi class, plural vyama)

  1. organization, society
  2. union
  3. party (a political party)
  4. club

Derived terms

  • mwanachama

Xhosa

Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀkham (“urinate”).

Verb

-chama

  1. (intransitive) to urinate

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀkham (“urinate”).

Verb

-chama

  1. (intransitive) to urinate

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitiveukuchama
PositiveNegative
Infinitiveukuchamaukungachami
Imperative
Simple+ object concord
Singularchama-chame
Pluralchamani-chameni
Present
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngiyachama, ngichamaengichamayo, engichamangichamaangichamiengingachamingingachami
2nd singularuyachama, uchamaochamayo, ochamauchamaawuchamiongachamiungachami
1st pluralsiyachama, sichamaesichamayo, esichamasichamaasichamiesingachamisingachami
2nd pluralniyachama, nichamaenichamayo, enichamanichamaanichamieningachaminingachami
Class 1uyachama, uchamaochamayo, ochamaechamaakachamiongachamiengachami
Class 2bayachama, bachamaabachamayo, abachamabechamaabachamiabangachamibengachami
Class 3uyachama, uchamaochamayo, ochamauchamaawuchamiongachamiungachami
Class 4iyachama, ichamaechamayo, echamaichamaayichamiengachamiingachami
Class 5liyachama, lichamaelichamayo, elichamalichamaalichamielingachamilingachami
Class 6ayachama, achamaachamayo, achamaechamaawachamiangachamiengachami
Class 7siyachama, sichamaesichamayo, esichamasichamaasichamiesingachamisingachami
Class 8ziyachama, zichamaezichamayo, ezichamazichamaazichamiezingachamizingachami
Class 9iyachama, ichamaechamayo, echamaichamaayichamiengachamiingachami
Class 10ziyachama, zichamaezichamayo, ezichamazichamaazichamiezingachamizingachami
Class 11luyachama, luchamaoluchamayo, oluchamaluchamaaluchamiolungachamilungachami
Class 14buyachama, buchamaobuchamayo, obuchamabuchamaabuchamiobungachamibungachami
Class 15kuyachama, kuchamaokuchamayo, okuchamakuchamaakuchamiokungachamikungachami
Class 17kuyachama, kuchamaokuchamayo, okuchamakuchamaakuchamiokungachamikungachami
Recent past
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngichamile, ngichamēengichamile, engichamēngichamile, ngichamēangichamangaengingachamangangingachamanga
2nd singularuchamile, uchamēochamile, ochamēuchamile, uchamēawuchamangaongachamangaungachamanga
1st pluralsichamile, sichamēesichamile, esichamēsichamile, sichamēasichamangaesingachamangasingachamanga
2nd pluralnichamile, nichamēenichamile, enichamēnichamile, nichamēanichamangaeningachamanganingachamanga
Class 1uchamile, uchamēochamile, ochamēechamile, echamēakachamangaongachamangaengachamanga
Class 2bachamile, bachamēabachamile, abachamēbechamile, bechamēabachamangaabangachamangabengachamanga
Class 3uchamile, uchamēochamile, ochamēuchamile, uchamēawuchamangaongachamangaungachamanga
Class 4ichamile, ichamēechamile, echamēichamile, ichamēayichamangaengachamangaingachamanga
Class 5lichamile, lichamēelichamile, elichamēlichamile, lichamēalichamangaelingachamangalingachamanga
Class 6achamile, achamēachamile, achamēechamile, echamēawachamangaangachamangaengachamanga
Class 7sichamile, sichamēesichamile, esichamēsichamile, sichamēasichamangaesingachamangasingachamanga
Class 8zichamile, zichamēezichamile, ezichamēzichamile, zichamēazichamangaezingachamangazingachamanga
Class 9ichamile, ichamēechamile, echamēichamile, ichamēayichamangaengachamangaingachamanga
Class 10zichamile, zichamēezichamile, ezichamēzichamile, zichamēazichamangaezingachamangazingachamanga
Class 11luchamile, luchamēoluchamile, oluchamēluchamile, luchamēaluchamangaolungachamangalungachamanga
Class 14buchamile, buchamēobuchamile, obuchamēbuchamile, buchamēabuchamangaobungachamangabungachamanga
Class 15kuchamile, kuchamēokuchamile, okuchamēkuchamile, kuchamēakuchamangaokungachamangakungachamanga
Class 17kuchamile, kuchamēokuchamile, okuchamēkuchamile, kuchamēakuchamangaokungachamangakungachamanga
Remote past
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngāchamaengāchamangāchamaangichamangaengingachamangangingachamanga
2nd singularwāchamaowāchamawāchamaawuchamangaongachamangaungachamanga
1st pluralsāchamaesāchamasāchamaasichamangaesingachamangasingachamanga
2nd pluralnāchamaenāchamanāchamaanichamangaeningachamanganingachamanga
Class 1wāchamaowāchamaāchamaakachamangaongachamangaengachamanga
Class 2bāchamaabāchamabāchamaabachamangaabangachamangabengachamanga
Class 3wāchamaowāchamawāchamaawuchamangaongachamangaungachamanga
Class 4yāchamaeyāchamayāchamaayichamangaengachamangaingachamanga
Class 5lāchamaelāchamalāchamaalichamangaelingachamangalingachamanga
Class 6āchamaāchamaāchamaawachamangaangachamangaengachamanga
Class 7sāchamaesāchamasāchamaasichamangaesingachamangasingachamanga
Class 8zāchamaezāchamazāchamaazichamangaezingachamangazingachamanga
Class 9yāchamaeyāchamayāchamaayichamangaengachamangaingachamanga
Class 10zāchamaezāchamazāchamaazichamangaezingachamangazingachamanga
Class 11lwāchamaolwāchamalwāchamaaluchamangaolungachamangalungachamanga
Class 14bāchamaobāchamabāchamaabuchamangaobungachamangabungachamanga
Class 15kwāchamaokwāchamakwāchamaakuchamangaokungachamangakungachamanga
Class 17kwāchamaokwāchamakwāchamaakuchamangaokungachamangakungachamanga
Potential
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngingachama—ngingachamangingechame—ngingechame
2nd singularungachama—ungachamaungechame—ungechame
1st pluralsingachama—singachamasingechame—singechame
2nd pluralningachama—ningachamaningechame—ningechame
Class 1angachama—engachamaangechame—engechame
Class 2bangachama—bengachamabangechame—bengechame
Class 3ungachama—ungachamaungechame—ungechame
Class 4ingachama—ingachamaingechame—ingechame
Class 5lingachama—lingachamalingechame—lingechame
Class 6angachama—engachamaangechame—engechame
Class 7singachama—singachamasingechame—singechame
Class 8zingachama—zingachamazingechame—zingechame
Class 9ingachama—ingachamaingechame—ingechame
Class 10zingachama—zingachamazingechame—zingechame
Class 11lungachama—lungachamalungechame—lungechame
Class 14bungachama—bungachamabungechame—bungechame
Class 15kungachama—kungachamakungechame—kungechame
Class 17kungachama—kungachamakungechame—kungechame
Immediate future
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngizochamaengizochamangizochamaangizuchamaengingezuchamangingezuchama
2nd singularuzochamaozochamauzochamaawuzuchamaongezuchamaungezuchama
1st pluralsizochamaesizochamasizochamaasizuchamaesingezuchamasingezuchama
2nd pluralnizochamaenizochamanizochamaanizuchamaeningezuchamaningezuchama
Class 1uzochamaozochamaezochamaakazuchamaongezuchamaengezuchama
Class 2bazochamaabazochamabezochamaabazuchamaabangezuchamabengezuchama
Class 3uzochamaozochamauzochamaawuzuchamaongezuchamaungezuchama
Class 4izochamaezochamaizochamaayizuchamaengezuchamaingezuchama
Class 5lizochamaelizochamalizochamaalizuchamaelingezuchamalingezuchama
Class 6azochamaazochamaezochamaawazuchamaangezuchamaengezuchama
Class 7sizochamaesizochamasizochamaasizuchamaesingezuchamasingezuchama
Class 8zizochamaezizochamazizochamaazizuchamaezingezuchamazingezuchama
Class 9izochamaezochamaizochamaayizuchamaengezuchamaingezuchama
Class 10zizochamaezizochamazizochamaazizuchamaezingezuchamazingezuchama
Class 11luzochamaoluzochamaluzochamaaluzuchamaolungezuchamalungezuchama
Class 14buzochamaobuzochamabuzochamaabuzuchamaobungezuchamabungezuchama
Class 15kuzochamaokuzochamakuzochamaakuzuchamaokungezuchamakungezuchama
Class 17kuzochamaokuzochamakuzochamaakuzuchamaokungezuchamakungezuchama
Remote future
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngiyochamaengiyochamangiyochamaangiyuchamaengingeyuchamangingeyuchama
2nd singularuyochamaoyochamauyochamaawuyuchamaongeyuchamaungeyuchama
1st pluralsiyochamaesiyochamasiyochamaasiyuchamaesingeyuchamasingeyuchama
2nd pluralniyochamaeniyochamaniyochamaaniyuchamaeningeyuchamaningeyuchama
Class 1uyochamaoyochamaeyochamaakayuchamaongeyuchamaengeyuchama
Class 2bayochamaabayochamabeyochamaabayuchamaabangeyuchamabengeyuchama
Class 3uyochamaoyochamauyochamaawuyuchamaongeyuchamaungeyuchama
Class 4iyochamaeyochamaiyochamaayiyuchamaengeyuchamaingeyuchama
Class 5liyochamaeliyochamaliyochamaaliyuchamaelingeyuchamalingeyuchama
Class 6ayochamaayochamaeyochamaawayuchamaangeyuchamaengeyuchama
Class 7siyochamaesiyochamasiyochamaasiyuchamaesingeyuchamasingeyuchama
Class 8ziyochamaeziyochamaziyochamaaziyuchamaezingeyuchamazingeyuchama
Class 9iyochamaeyochamaiyochamaayiyuchamaengeyuchamaingeyuchama
Class 10ziyochamaeziyochamaziyochamaaziyuchamaezingeyuchamazingeyuchama
Class 11luyochamaoluyochamaluyochamaaluyuchamaolungeyuchamalungeyuchama
Class 14buyochamaobuyochamabuyochamaabuyuchamaobungeyuchamabungeyuchama
Class 15kuyochamaokuyochamakuyochamaakuyuchamaokungeyuchamakungeyuchama
Class 17kuyochamaokuyochamakuyochamaakuyuchamaokungeyuchamakungeyuchama
Present subjunctive
PositiveNegative
1st singularngichamengingachami
2nd singularuchameungachami
1st pluralsichamesingachami
2nd pluralnichameningachami
Class 1achameangachami
Class 2bachamebangachami
Class 3uchameungachami
Class 4ichameingachami
Class 5lichamelingachami
Class 6achameangachami
Class 7sichamesingachami
Class 8zichamezingachami
Class 9ichameingachami
Class 10zichamezingachami
Class 11luchamelungachami
Class 14buchamebungachami
Class 15kuchamekungachami
Class 17kuchamekungachami
Past subjunctive
PositiveNegative
1st singularngachamangangachama, angachama, angangachama
2nd singularwachamawangachama, awachama, awangachama
1st pluralsachamasangachama, asachama, asangachama
2nd pluralnachamanangachama, anachama, anangachama
Class 1wachamawangachama, akachama, akangachama
Class 2bachamabangachama, abachama, abangachama
Class 3wachamawangachama, awachama, awangachama
Class 4yachamayangachama, ayachama, ayangachama
Class 5lachamalangachama, alachama, alangachama
Class 6achamaangachama, awachama, awangachama
Class 7sachamasangachama, asachama, asangachama
Class 8zachamazangachama, azachama, azangachama
Class 9yachamayangachama, ayachama, ayangachama
Class 10zachamazangachama, azachama, azangachama
Class 11lwachamalwangachama, alwachama, alwangachama
Class 14bachamabangachama, abachama, abangachama
Class 15kwachamakwangachama, akwachama, akwangachama
Class 17kwachamakwangachama, akwachama, akwangachama

References

  • C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “chama”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “chama (6.3)”
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