ch
Translingual
Letter
ch (mixed case Ch, upper case CH)
- A digraph from c and h, considered an individual letter in some languages.
Symbol
ch
- Alternative form of cosh (“hyperbolic cosine”)
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Chamorro.
English
Noun
ch
- Abbreviation of chain - a unit of measurement equal to 22 yards
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Japanese チャンネル (channeru), from English channel.
Noun
ch
- (Japan) Abbreviation of channel
Etymology 3
Aphetic form of ich, utch, ultimately from Old English iċ (“I”). Compare Dutch 'k, an aphetic variant of ik (“I”). More at ich, I.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃ/
Pronoun
ch
- (obsolete, dialectal) Alternative form of I
Anagrams
- H&C, H.C., H/C, HC, h/c
Czech
Letter
ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
- A digraph, the fourteenth letter of the Czech alphabet, after h and before i.
Usage notes
In names or at the beginning of a sentence the mixed case Ch is used (e. g. Chrudim).
Esperanto
Letter
ch
- A digraph used in the h-sistemo to represent ĉ.
See also
- gh, hh, jh, sh
- cx, gx, hx, jx, sx, ux
French
Alternative forms
- ch.
Etymology 1
Abbreviation of chaque (“each”).
Adjective
ch (invariable)
- ea (each)
Etymology 2
Abbreviation of cheval-vapeur (“horsepower”).
Noun
ch m (plural ch)
- hp (horsepower)
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (on its own) IPA(key): [ˈt͡seːɦaː]
- (within words) IPA(key): /xː/, /t͡ʃ/, /ç/, /çː/, /h/, /k/, /ʃ/ (depending on the word)
Letter
ch (lower case, upper case Ch)
- A digraph used in several Hungarian words, as well as in some surnames, given names, and geographical names.
Usage notes
It is used (among others) in the following words, along with their derivations and compounds: Achilles-ín, allochton, acháj, achát, akrosztichon, almanach, anarchia/anarchikus/anarchista/anarchizmus, archaikus/archaizál/archaizmus, archeológia/archeológus, archimandrita, architektúra, archivál/archivális/archívum, autochton, bacchanália, bacchánsnő, baldachin, barchesz, barkochba/barkochbázik, bronchitisz, cech, chanti, charleston, charta, charter, chartizmus, chata, chianti, chorijambus, chripka, couchette, disztichon, durchmars, echó, echt, eucharisztia/eucharisztikus, eunuch, exarcha, fach, franchise, gaucho, gouache, guttapercha, hierarchia/hierarchikus, hipochonder/hipochondria, ichtioszaurusz, jacht, kapitälchen, krach, lichthóf, macher, machiavellizmus, machináció/machinál, malachit, mannlicher, matriarchátus, mazochista/mazochizmus, mechanika/mechanikus/mechanisztikus/mechanizál/mechanizmus, mettlachi, moloch, monarchia/monarchikus/monarchista, oligarcha/oligarchia/oligarchikus, orchidea, patriarcha/patriarchális/patriarchátus, pech/peches, poncho, poncichter, psziché/pszichiáter/pszichiátria/pszichikai/pszichikum/pszicho-/pszichózis, richtig, rizskoch, sarlach, stich, strichel, szacharin, szinekdoché, sztrichnin, technika/technikum/technikus/technokrácia/technokrata/technológia/technológus, trachoma, trocheus, vlach, winchester.
Officially recognized given names: Achilles, Achillesz, Áchim, Archibald, Joachim, Melchior, Orchidea, Psziché, Ráchel, Richárd.[1]
Surnames (a selection from notable people[2]): Aulich, Damjanich, Forgách, Keglevich, Knézich, Kovách, Laczkovich, Madách, Maderspach, Orlay Petrich, Széchenyi, Széchényi, Zách, Zichy.
Geographical names (along with their derivations, e.g. chilei): Charlestown, Chatham-szigetek, Chile, Chișinău, Déli-Georgia és Déli-Sandwich-szigetek, Liechtenstein, Nouakchott, Seychelle-szigetek as well as two settlements in Hungary, Chernelházadamonya and Zichyújfalu, a hill in Budapest, Széchenyi-hegy (named after István Széchenyi) and a neighborhood in Budapest, Széchenyihegy (named after the hill).
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ch | ch-k |
| accusative | ch-t | ch-kat |
| dative | ch-nak | ch-knak |
| instrumental | ch-val | ch-kkal |
| causal-final | ch-ért | ch-kért |
| translative | ch-vá | ch-kká |
| terminative | ch-ig | ch-kig |
| essive-formal | ch-ként | ch-kként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | ch-ban | ch-kban |
| superessive | ch-n | ch-kon |
| adessive | ch-nál | ch-knál |
| illative | ch-ba | ch-kba |
| sublative | ch-ra | ch-kra |
| allative | ch-hoz | ch-khoz |
| elative | ch-ból | ch-kból |
| delative | ch-ról | ch-król |
| ablative | ch-tól | ch-któl |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | ch-é | ch-ké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | ch-éi | ch-kéi |
| Possessive forms of ch | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | ch-m | ch-im |
| 2nd person sing. | ch-d | ch-id |
| 3rd person sing. | ch-ja | ch-i |
| 1st person plural | ch-nk | ch-ink |
| 2nd person plural | ch-tok | ch-itok |
| 3rd person plural | ch-juk | ch-ik |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
References
- A Nyelvtudományi Intézet által anyakönyvi bejegyzésre alkalmasnak minősített utónevek jegyzéke (’List of first names qualified by the Research Institute for Linguistics as appropriate for registration on a birth certificate’). Regularly updated. For searchable unformatted lists, see férfinevek for masculine names and női nevek for feminine names.
- Személyekről elnevezett budapesti utcanevek évfordulók tükrében (’Street names in Budapest named after persons, as reflected in anniversaries’) by György Mészáros
Latvian
Letter
ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
- (obsolete) a letter used in older, pre-World-War-II Latvian spelling, but now replaced everywhere by h (upper case H)
Usage notes
This letter can still be found in older books, or in books written by the Latvian diaspora prior to the fall of the Soviet Union. It used to represent the sound of IPA symbol /x/, as distinct from /h/; but since these sounds have merged as /x/ in current Latvian pronunciation, <h> (= /x/) is now used in all cases.
Slovak
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /x/
Letter
ch (upper case Ch)
- The sixteenth letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, Ä ä, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, Dz dz, Dž dž, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ĺ ĺ, Ľ ľ, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, Q q, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž
Further reading
- ch in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk
Spanish
Letter
ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
- che, the former fourth letter of the Spanish alphabet, after c and before d
Usage notes
Since 1994, this letter has been treated as c followed by h for collation (sorting) purposes only. In 2010, this letter was officially removed by the RAE from the Spanish alphabet.
Further reading
- “ch”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Uzbek
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /tʃ/
Letter
ch (upper case Ch)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Uzbek alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, X x, Y y, Z z, Oʻ oʻ, Gʻ gʻ, Sh sh, Ch ch, Ng ng
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (standard) IPA(key): /ɛχ/
- (informal) IPA(key): /χ(ː)/
Letter
ch (lower case, upper case Ch)
- The fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èch and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by C and followed by D.
Usage notes
Like the other Welsh digraphs, ch is considered a distinct letter of the Welsh alphabet for all purposes, including collation. Thus, chwech is alphabetically sorted after cyllell.
Mutation
- ch cannot be mutated in Welsh.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies