censeo
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *kensēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱenséh₁yeti, from *ḱens- (“to announce”). Cognate with Sanskrit शंसति (śáṃsati, “to declare”), Proto-Iranian *cánhati.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈken.se.oː/, [ˈkẽːs̠eoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃen.se.o/, [ˈt͡ʃɛnseo]
Verb
cēnseō (present infinitive cēnsēre, perfect active cēnsuī, supine cēnsum); second conjugation
- I give an opinion.
- I think, suppose or judge.
- Synonyms: credo, reor, opinor, iūdicō, sentio, existimo, cogito, considero, arbitror, puto, reputo
- I recommend, advise.
- Synonyms: suādeō, commendō, conciliō, dēlīberō, moneō, admoneō, praedicō
- Cato the Elder :
- Ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam
- Furthermore, I recommend that Carthage must be destroyed
- Ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam
- I decree, vote or determine.
- Synonym: cōnscīscō
- I count or reckon, assess.
- I register the citizens, perform the task of a censor
Conjugation
| Conjugation of cēnseō (second conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | cēnseō | cēnsēs | cēnset | cēnsēmus | cēnsētis | cēnsent |
| imperfect | cēnsēbam | cēnsēbās | cēnsēbat | cēnsēbāmus | cēnsēbātis | cēnsēbant | |
| future | cēnsēbō | cēnsēbis | cēnsēbit | cēnsēbimus | cēnsēbitis | cēnsēbunt | |
| perfect | cēnsuī | cēnsuistī | cēnsuit | cēnsuimus | cēnsuistis | cēnsuērunt, cēnsuēre | |
| pluperfect | cēnsueram | cēnsuerās | cēnsuerat | cēnsuerāmus | cēnsuerātis | cēnsuerant | |
| future perfect | cēnsuerō | cēnsueris | cēnsuerit | cēnsuerimus | cēnsueritis | cēnsuerint | |
| passive | present | cēnseor | cēnsēris, cēnsēre | cēnsētur | cēnsēmur | cēnsēminī | cēnsentur |
| imperfect | cēnsēbar | cēnsēbāris, cēnsēbāre | cēnsēbātur | cēnsēbāmur | cēnsēbāminī | cēnsēbantur | |
| future | cēnsēbor | cēnsēberis, cēnsēbere | cēnsēbitur | cēnsēbimur | cēnsēbiminī | cēnsēbuntur | |
| perfect | cēnsus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | cēnsus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | cēnsus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | cēnseam | cēnseās | cēnseat | cēnseāmus | cēnseātis | cēnseant |
| imperfect | cēnsērem | cēnsērēs | cēnsēret | cēnsērēmus | cēnsērētis | cēnsērent | |
| perfect | cēnsuerim | cēnsuerīs | cēnsuerit | cēnsuerīmus | cēnsuerītis | cēnsuerint | |
| pluperfect | cēnsuissem | cēnsuissēs | cēnsuisset | cēnsuissēmus | cēnsuissētis | cēnsuissent | |
| passive | present | cēnsear | cēnseāris, cēnseāre | cēnseātur | cēnseāmur | cēnseāminī | cēnseantur |
| imperfect | cēnsērer | cēnsērēris, cēnsērēre | cēnsērētur | cēnsērēmur | cēnsērēminī | cēnsērentur | |
| perfect | cēnsus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | cēnsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | cēnsē | — | — | cēnsēte | — |
| future | — | cēnsētō | cēnsētō | — | cēnsētōte | cēnsentō | |
| passive | present | — | cēnsēre | — | — | cēnsēminī | — |
| future | — | cēnsētor | cēnsētor | — | — | cēnsentor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | cēnsēre | cēnsuisse | cēnsūrum esse | cēnsērī, cēnsērier1 | cēnsum esse | cēnsum īrī | |
| participles | cēnsēns | — | cēnsūrus | — | cēnsus | cēnsendus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| cēnsendī | cēnsendō | cēnsendum | cēnsendō | cēnsum | cēnsū | ||
1The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
Derived terms
- accēnseō
- cēnsiō
- cēnsītiō
- cēnsītor
- cēnsor
- cēnsum
- cēnsus
- percēnseō
- recēnseō
- succēnseō / suscēnseō
Descendants
- English: census
- → Middle French: censer
- French: censé
References
- “censeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “censeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- censeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- the censors hold a census of the people: censores censent populum
- what is your opinion: quid censes? quid tibi videtur?
- the censors hold a census of the people: censores censent populum
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 107