cavar
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin cavo.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /kəˈva/
- (Central) IPA(key): /kəˈba/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /kaˈvaɾ/
Verb
cavar (first-person singular present cavo, past participle cavat)
- to dig
Conjugation
Conjugation of cavar (first conjugation)
| infinitive | cavar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | cavant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | cavat | cavada | |||||
| plural | cavats | cavades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | cavo | caves | cava | cavem | caveu | caven | |
| imperfect | cavava | cavaves | cavava | cavàvem | cavàveu | cavaven | |
| future | cavaré | cavaràs | cavarà | cavarem | cavareu | cavaran | |
| preterite | caví | cavares | cavà | cavàrem | cavàreu | cavaren | |
| conditional | cavaria | cavaries | cavaria | cavaríem | cavaríeu | cavarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | cavi | cavis | cavi | cavem | caveu | cavin | |
| imperfect | cavés | cavessis | cavés | cavéssim | cavéssiu | cavessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | cava | cavi | cavem | caveu | cavin | ||
Related terms
- excavar
- soscavar
Further reading
- “cavar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese cavar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cavāre, present active infinitive of cavō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaˈβaɾ/
Verb
cavar (first-person singular present cavo, first-person singular preterite cavei, past participle cavado)
- to dig
- to hoe
- 1303, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 150:
- Et dardeſ cada anno quatro dias de ſeara a noſſa graña de Pineyra, ṽn dia a eſcauar, outro a pudar, outro a cauar, outro a rãdar
- You'll give each year four days of work in our farm of Piñeira, one day for digging, another for prunning, another for hoeing, another for weeding
- Et dardeſ cada anno quatro dias de ſeara a noſſa graña de Pineyra, ṽn dia a eſcauar, outro a pudar, outro a cauar, outro a rãdar
- 1303, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 150:
- to break up
Conjugation
Conjugation of cavar
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | cavar | |||||
| personal | cavar | cavares | cavar | cavarmos | cavardes | cavaren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| cavando | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | cavado | cavados | ||||
| feminine | cavada | cavadas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | cavo | cavas | cava | cavamos | cavades | cavan |
| imperfect | cavaba | cavabas | cavaba | cavabamos | cavabades | cavaban |
| preterite | cavei | cavaches | cavou | cavamos | cavastes | cavaron |
| pluperfect | cavara | cavaras | cavara | cavaramos | cavarades | cavaran |
| future | cavarei | cavarás | cavará | cavaremos | cavaredes | cavarán |
| conditional | cavaría | cavarías | cavaría | cavariamos | cavariades | cavarían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | cave | caves | cave | cavemos | cavedes | caven |
| preterite | cavase | cavases | cavase | cavásemos | cavásedes | cavasen |
| future | cavar | cavares | cavar | cavarmos | cavardes | cavaren |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | cava | cave | cavemos | cavade | caven |
| negative | – | caves | cave | cavemos | cavedes | caven |
Derived terms
- cava
- cavada
Related terms
- escavar
References
- “cavar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “cauar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “cavar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “cavar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “cavar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan, from Latin cavō, cavāre.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
cavar
- to dig
Conjugation
Lengadocian (Central Occitan)| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | cavar | aver cavat | |||||
| gerund | cavant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | cavat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | cavi | cavas | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavan | |
| imperfect | cavavi | cavavas | cavava | cavàvem | cavàvetz | cavavan | |
| preterite | cavèri | cavères | cavèt | cavèrem | cavèretz | cavèron | |
| future | cavarai | cavaràs | cavarà | cavarem | cavaretz | cavaràn | |
| conditional | cavariái | cavariás | cavariá | cavariam | cavariatz | cavarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | cavèra | cavèras | cavèra | caveram | caveratz | cavèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | cave | caves | cave | cavem | cavetz | caven | |
| imperfect | cavèssi | cavèsses | cavèsse | cavèssem | cavèssetz | cavèsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| cava | cavem | cavatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Auvernhàs| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | cavar | aver cavat | |||||
| gerund | cavant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | cavat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | cave | caves | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavon | |
| imperfect | cavave | cavaves | cavava | cavaviam | cavaviatz | cavavon | |
| preterite | cavere | caveres | cavet | cavem | cavetz | caveron | |
| future | cavarai | cavaràs | cavará | cavarem | cavaretz | cavarán | |
| conditional | cavariá | cavariás | cavariá | cavariam | cavariatz | cavarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | cavèra | cavèras | cavèra | caveram | caveratz | cavèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | cave | caves | cave | cavassiam | cavassiatz | cavon | |
| imperfect | cavesse | cavesses | cavesse | cavessiam | cavessiatz | cavesson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| cava | cavassiam | cavatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Gascon| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | cavar | aver cavat | |||||
| gerund | cavant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | cavat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | cavi | cavas | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavan | |
| imperfect | cavavi | cavavas | cavava | cavàvam | cavàvatz | cavavan | |
| preterite | cavèi | cavès | cavè | cavèm | cavètz | cavèn | |
| future | cavarèi | cavaràs | cavarà | cavaram | cavaratz | cavaràn | |
| conditional | cavarí | cavarés | cavaré | cavarem | cavaretz | cavarén | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | cavèra | cavèras | cavèra | caveram | caveratz | cavèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | cavi | caves | cave | cavem | cavetz | caven | |
| imperfect | cavèssi | cavèsses | cavèsse | cavèssem | cavèssetz | cavèssen | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| cava | cavem | cavatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Lemosin| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | cavar | aver cavat | |||||
| gerund | cavant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | cavat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | cave | cavas | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavan | |
| imperfect | cavava | cavavas | cavava | cavàvam | cavàvatz | cavavan | |
| preterite | cavei | caveras | cavet | cavèram | cavèratz | caveran | |
| future | cavarai | cavaràs | cavará | cavarem | cavaretz | cavarán | |
| conditional | cavariá | cavariàs | cavariá | cavariam | cavariatz | cavarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | cavèra | cavèras | cavèra | caveram | caveratz | cavèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | cave | caves | cave | cavem | cavetz | caven | |
| imperfect | cavèsse | cavèsses | cavèsse | cavèssem | cavèssetz | cavèssen | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| cava | cavem | cavatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Provençau| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | cavar | aver cavat | |||||
| gerund | cavant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | cavat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | cave | caves | cava | cavam | cavatz | cavan | |
| imperfect | cavavi | cavavas | cavava | cavàvem | cavàvetz | cavavan | |
| preterite | cavère | cavères | cavèt | caveriam | caveriatz | cavèron | |
| future | cavarai | cavaràs | cavarà | cavarem | cavaretz | cavaràn | |
| conditional | cavariáu | cavariás | cavariá | cavariam | cavariatz | cavarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | cavèra | cavèras | cavèra | caveram | caveratz | cavèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | cave | caves | cave | cavem | cavetz | cavan | |
| imperfect | cavèsse | cavèsses | cavèsse | cavessiam | cavessiatz | cavèsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| cava | cavem | cavatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Related terms
- escavar
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese, from Latin cavāre.
Verb
cavar (first-person singular present cavo, first-person singular preterite cavei, past participle cavado)
- to dig, excavate, burrow, scoop
Conjugation
Conjugation of cavar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | cavar | |||||
| Personal | cavar | cavares | cavar | cavarmos | cavardes | cavarem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| cavando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | cavado | cavados | ||||
| Feminine | cavada | cavadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | cavo | cavas | cava | cavamos | cavais | cavam |
| Imperfect | cavava | cavavas | cavava | cavávamos | caváveis | cavavam |
| Preterite | cavei | cavaste | cavou | cavamos1, cavámos2 | cavastes | cavaram |
| Pluperfect | cavara | cavaras | cavara | caváramos | caváreis | cavaram |
| Future | cavarei | cavarás | cavará | cavaremos | cavareis | cavarão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| cavaria | cavarias | cavaria | cavaríamos | cavaríeis | cavariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | cave | caves | cave | cavemos | caveis | cavem |
| Imperfect | cavasse | cavasses | cavasse | cavássemos | cavásseis | cavassem |
| Future | cavar | cavares | cavar | cavarmos | cavardes | cavarem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | cava | cave | cavemos | cavai | cavem | |
| Negative (não) | não caves | não cave | não cavemos | não caveis | não cavem | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Related terms
- cava
- escavar
Romansch
Alternative forms
- stgavar (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran)
- tgavar (Surmiran)
- chaver (Puter)
- chavar (Vallader)
Etymology
From Latin cavō, cavāre.
Verb
cavar
- (Sursilvan) to dig
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin cavō, cavāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaˈbaɾ/ [kaˈβ̞aɾ]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: ca‧var
Verb
cavar (first-person singular present cavo, first-person singular preterite cavé, past participle cavado)
- (transitive) to excavate, dig
- (intransitive) to penetrate into
Conjugation
Conjugation of cavar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | cavar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | cavando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | cavado | cavada | |||||
| plural | cavados | cavadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | cavo | cavastú cavásvos | cava | cavamos | caváis | cavan | |
| imperfect | cavaba | cavabas | cavaba | cavábamos | cavabais | cavaban | |
| preterite | cavé | cavaste | cavó | cavamos | cavasteis | cavaron | |
| future | cavaré | cavarás | cavará | cavaremos | cavaréis | cavarán | |
| conditional | cavaría | cavarías | cavaría | cavaríamos | cavaríais | cavarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | cave | cavestú cavésvos2 | cave | cavemos | cavéis | caven | |
| imperfect (ra) | cavara | cavaras | cavara | caváramos | cavarais | cavaran | |
| imperfect (se) | cavase | cavases | cavase | cavásemos | cavaseis | cavasen | |
| future1 | cavare | cavares | cavare | caváremos | cavareis | cavaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | cavatú cavávos | cave | cavemos | cavad | caven | ||
| negative | no caves | no cave | no cavemos | no cavéis | no caven | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of cavar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive cavar | |||||||
| dative | cavarme | cavarte | cavarle, cavarse | cavarnos | cavaros | cavarles, cavarse | |
| accusative | cavarme | cavarte | cavarlo, cavarla, cavarse | cavarnos | cavaros | cavarlos, cavarlas, cavarse | |
| with gerund cavando | |||||||
| dative | cavándome | cavándote | cavándole, cavándose | cavándonos | cavándoos | cavándoles, cavándose | |
| accusative | cavándome | cavándote | cavándolo, cavándola, cavándose | cavándonos | cavándoos | cavándolos, cavándolas, cavándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative cava | |||||||
| dative | cávame | cávate | cávale | cávanos | not used | cávales | |
| accusative | cávame | cávate | cávalo, cávala | cávanos | not used | cávalos, cávalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative cavá | |||||||
| dative | cavame | cavate | cavale | cavanos | not used | cavales | |
| accusative | cavame | cavate | cavalo, cavala | cavanos | not used | cavalos, cavalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative cave | |||||||
| dative | cáveme | not used | cávele, cávese | cávenos | not used | cáveles | |
| accusative | cáveme | not used | cávelo, cávela, cávese | cávenos | not used | cávelos, cávelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative cavemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | cavémoste | cavémosle | cavémonos | cavémoos | cavémosles | |
| accusative | not used | cavémoste | cavémoslo, cavémosla | cavémonos | cavémoos | cavémoslos, cavémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative cavad | |||||||
| dative | cavadme | not used | cavadle | cavadnos | cavaos | cavadles | |
| accusative | cavadme | not used | cavadlo, cavadla | cavadnos | cavaos | cavadlos, cavadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative caven | |||||||
| dative | cávenme | not used | cávenle | cávennos | not used | cávenles, cávense | |
| accusative | cávenme | not used | cávenlo, cávenla | cávennos | not used | cávenlos, cávenlas, cávense | |
Related terms
- cava
- cavador
- caverna
- escavar
- excavar
Further reading
- “cavar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Venetian
Etymology
From Latin cavō, cavāre.
Verb
cavar
- (transitive) to take off, take out
- (transitive) to extract
Conjugation
- Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of cavar (first conjugation)
| infinitive | cavar | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| auxiliary verb | aver | gerund | cavando | |||
| past participle | cavà | |||||
| person | singular | plural | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| indicative | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
| present | cavo | (te) cavi | (el/ła) cava | cavémo, cavòn | cavé | (i/łe) cava |
| imperfect | cavava | (te) cavavi | (el/ła) cavava | cavàvimo | cavavi | (i/łe) cavava |
| future | cavarò | (te) cavarè | (el/ła) cavarà | cavarémo | cavarè | (i/łe) cavarà |
| conditional | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
| present | cavarìa | (te) cavarisi | (el/ła) cavarìa | cavarìsimo | cavarisi | (i/łe) cavarìa |
| subjunctive | che mi | che ti | che eło / eła | che noialtri / noialtre | che voialtri / voialtre | che łuri / łore |
| present | cave, cava | (te) cavi | (el/ła) cave, (el/ła) cava | cavémo, cavone | cavé | (i/łe) cave, (i/łe) cava |
| imperfect | cavase | (te) cavasi | (el/ła) cavase | cavàsimo | cavasi | (i/łe) cavase |
| imperative | — | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
| — | (te) cava | (el/ła) cava, (el/ła) cave | cavémo | cavé | (i/łe) cava, (i/łe) cave | |
Related terms
- escavar, scavar