caru
See also: čáru and čárů
Asturian
Etymology
From Latin cārus.
Adjective
caru m sg (feminine singular cara, neuter singular caro, masculine plural caros, feminine plural cares)
- expensive
Antonyms
- baratu
Latvian
Noun
caru m
- accusative singular form of cars
- instrumental singular form of cars
- genitive plural form of cars
Old English
Alternative forms
- ċearu
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *karu, from Proto-Germanic *karō. Cognate with Old Saxon kara, Old High German kara, Old Norse kǫr (“sickbed”), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (kara).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑ.ru/
Noun
caru f
- worry, anxiety, care
- sorrow, grief
Usage notes
The declension table below shows the inherited forms of caru, with a-restoration before back vowels and palatalization and palatal diphthongization before front vowels. This distinction was often leveled in both directions, giving alternative forms such as nom. sg. ċearu and dat. sg. care.
Declension
Declension of caru (strong ō-stem)
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | caru | cara, ċeare |
| accusative | ċeare | cara, ċeare |
| genitive | ċeare | cara |
| dative | ċeare | carum |
Derived terms
- carful
- carian
- cariġ
- ūhtcaru
Descendants
- Middle English: care
- English: care
- Scots: care
- Yola: caure, caare, caar
Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *karɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kareti (“to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkarɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈka(ː)ri/
- Rhymes: -arɨ
Verb
caru (first-person singular present caraf)
- (transitive) to love, like
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | caraf | ceri | câr, cara | carwn | cerwch, carwch | carant | cerir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | carwn | carit | carai | carem | carech | carent | cerid | |
| preterite | cerais | ceraist | carodd | carasom | carasoch | carasant | carwyd | |
| pluperfect | caraswn | carasit | carasai | carasem | carasech | carasent | carasid, caresid | |
| present subjunctive | carwyf | cerych | caro | carom | caroch | caront | carer | |
| imperative | — | cara | cared | carwn | cerwch, carwch | carent | carer | |
| verbal noun | caru | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | caredig caradwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cara i, caraf i | cari di | carith o/e/hi, cariff e/hi | carwn ni | carwch chi | caran nhw |
| conditional | carwn i, carswn i | caret ti, carset ti | carai fo/fe/hi, carsai fo/fe/hi | caren ni, carsen ni | carech chi, carsech chi | caren nhw, carsen nhw |
| preterite | carais i, cares i | caraist ti, carest ti | carodd o/e/hi | caron ni | caroch chi | caron nhw |
| imperative | — | cara | — | — | carwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Related terms
- cariad m (“love, charity, affection; beloved (one); lover, sweetheart, darling”)
- Carwyn
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| caru | garu | ngharu | charu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “caru”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies