capus
Latin
Etymology 1
Reinterpretation of the Classical third-declension neuter caput as a second-declension masculine, likely due to the loss of the final /t/, which caused it to be reanalyzed as capum.
Pronunciation
- (Proto-Romance) IPA(key): /ˈkapʊs/
Noun
capus m (genitive capī); second declension
- (Late Latin, nonstandard) Alternative form of caput (“head”)
- 6th century C.E., Circus Flaminius, Rome CIL .VI 29849a:
- roma capvs mvndi
- Rome [is] the head of the world.
- roma capvs mvndi
Inflection
Second-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | capus | capī |
Genitive | capī | capōrum |
Dative | capō | capīs |
Accusative | capum | capōs |
Ablative | capō | capīs |
Vocative | cape | capī |
Descendants
- Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: cap
- Romanian: cap
- Dalmatian:
- cup
- Italo-Romance:
- Corsican: capu
- Italian: capo
- → English: capo
- →? Istriot: capo
- → Spanish: capo
- Sicilian: capu, capa
- Padanian
- Emilian: cò
- Friulian: cjâf, čhâv
- Ladin: cë
- Lombard: cò
- Romansch: chau, tgau, cheu, tgieu, cho, tgea
- Venetian: cao, cavo
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: chief (see there for further descendants)
- French: chef
- Old French: chief (see there for further descendants)
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: cap
- Old Occitan: cap
- Occitan: cap
- → Middle French: cap
- French: cap
- → English: cape
- Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: cabu
- Galician: cabo
- Portuguese: cabo
- Spanish: cabo
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: cabu
References
- Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “caput”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 130
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkaː.pus/, [ˈkäːpʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈka.pus/, [ˈkäːpus]
Noun
cāpus m (genitive cāpī); second declension
- Archaic form of cāpō (“capon”)
Inflection
Second-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | cāpus | cāpī |
Genitive | cāpī | cāpōrum |
Dative | cāpō | cāpīs |
Accusative | cāpum | cāpōs |
Ablative | cāpō | cāpīs |
Vocative | cāpe | cāpī |