captivus
Latin
Etymology
From captus (“to capture”) + -īvus.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /kapˈtiː.u̯us/, [käpˈt̪iːu̯ʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kapˈti.vus/, [käpˈt̪iːvus]
Noun
captīvus m (genitive captīvī, feminine captīva); second declension
- a captive, a prisoner
Declension
Second-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | captīvus | captīvī |
| Genitive | captīvī | captīvōrum |
| Dative | captīvō | captīvīs |
| Accusative | captīvum | captīvōs |
| Ablative | captīvō | captīvīs |
| Vocative | captīve | captīvī |
Adjective
captīvus (feminine captīva, neuter captīvum); first/second-declension adjective
- captive
- captured
- imprisoned
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | captīvus | captīva | captīvum | captīvī | captīvae | captīva | |
| Genitive | captīvī | captīvae | captīvī | captīvōrum | captīvārum | captīvōrum | |
| Dative | captīvō | captīvō | captīvīs | ||||
| Accusative | captīvum | captīvam | captīvum | captīvōs | captīvās | captīva | |
| Ablative | captīvō | captīvā | captīvō | captīvīs | |||
| Vocative | captīve | captīva | captīvum | captīvī | captīvae | captīva | |
Derived terms
- captīva
- captīvitas
- captīvō
Descendants
- Asturian: cativu
- English: captive, caitiff
- French: captif, chétif
- Padanian:
- Emilian:
- Friulian: cjâtif
- Ligurian:
- Piedmontese: cativ
- Romansch:
- Romagnol: cativ
- Italian: cattivo
- Old French: caitif, chaitif
- Old Occitan: caitiu
- Catalan: captiu
- Old Portuguese: cativo
- Galician: cativo
- Portuguese: cativo
- Romanian: captiv
- Sicilian: cattivu
- Spanish: cativo, captivo, cautivo
- Venetian: cativo
References
- “captivus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “captivus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- captivus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- captivus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to exchange prisoners: captivos permutare, commutare
- to ransom prisoners: captivos redimere (Off. 2. 18)
- to restore prisoners without ransom: captivos sine pretio reddere
- to exchange prisoners: captivos permutare, commutare