caligo

caligo

See also: calìgo and Caligo

English

Etymology

Latin caligo (“darkness”). Doublet of garua.

Noun

caligo (uncountable)

1. (medicine, obsolete) dimness or obscurity of sight, caused by a speck on the cornea
2. A butterfly of the genus Caligo.

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for caligo in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913)

Anagrams

• glacio-

---

Latin

Etymology

Formation from an earlier adjective is possible, similarly to several similar nouns in -īgō, examples at rōbīgō, with the verb deriving from the noun, as cālīgō (noun) +‎ -ō. A possible reading in Pacuvius suggests earlier verb semantics as “I make dark”, consistent with this construction. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“dark spot”), suggested to be connected to columba (“dove, pigeon”), Sanskrit कलङ्क (kalaṅka, “dark blemish”), Serbo-Croatian kâl / ка̑л ("mud, dirt").[1][2][3] Various further Indo-European cognates have been suggested, such as Ancient Greek κελαινός (kelainós, “dark, black”), Ancient Greek κηλίς (kēlís, “spot, stain”) and the rare adjective Latin cā̆lidus (“having a white spot on the forehead”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /kaːˈliː.ɡoː/, [käːˈlʲiːɡoː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /kaˈli.ɡo/, [käˈliːɡo]

Noun

cālīgō f (genitive cālīginis); third declension

1. fog, mist, vapor
2. darkness, gloom
3. (figuratively) inability to perceive mentally

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	cālīgō	cālīginēs
Genitive	cālīginis	cālīginum
Dative	cālīginī	cālīginibus
Accusative	cālīginem	cālīginēs
Ablative	cālīgine	cālīginibus
Vocative	cālīgō	cālīginēs

Synonyms

• (fog, mist): nebula

Descendants

• Asturian: calina
• Catalan: calitja
• Galician: calixen
• Italian: caligine
• Portuguese: caligem, caruja, garoa, garua
• Sicilian: calìnija
• Spanish: calígine, calina, calima, garúa
• Translingual: Caligo
• Venetian: calìgo

Verb

cālīgō (present infinitive cālīgāre, perfect active cālīgāvī, supine cālīgātum); first conjugation

1. I (emit) steam
2. I am dark or gloomy
3. I grope about; have poor eyesight

Conjugation

Conjugation of cālīgō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cālīgō	cālīgās	cālīgat	cālīgāmus	cālīgātis	cālīgant
	imperfect	cālīgābam	cālīgābās	cālīgābat	cālīgābāmus	cālīgābātis	cālīgābant
	future	cālīgābō	cālīgābis	cālīgābit	cālīgābimus	cālīgābitis	cālīgābunt
	perfect	cālīgāvī	cālīgāvistī	cālīgāvit	cālīgāvimus	cālīgāvistis	cālīgāvērunt, cālīgāvēre
	pluperfect	cālīgāveram	cālīgāverās	cālīgāverat	cālīgāverāmus	cālīgāverātis	cālīgāverant
	future perfect	cālīgāverō	cālīgāveris	cālīgāverit	cālīgāverimus	cālīgāveritis	cālīgāverint
passive	present	cālīgor	cālīgāris, cālīgāre	cālīgātur	cālīgāmur	cālīgāminī	cālīgantur
	imperfect	cālīgābar	cālīgābāris, cālīgābāre	cālīgābātur	cālīgābāmur	cālīgābāminī	cālīgābantur
	future	cālīgābor	cālīgāberis, cālīgābere	cālīgābitur	cālīgābimur	cālīgābiminī	cālīgābuntur
	perfect	cālīgātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	cālīgātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	cālīgātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cālīgem	cālīgēs	cālīget	cālīgēmus	cālīgētis	cālīgent
	imperfect	cālīgārem	cālīgārēs	cālīgāret	cālīgārēmus	cālīgārētis	cālīgārent
	perfect	cālīgāverim	cālīgāverīs	cālīgāverit	cālīgāverīmus	cālīgāverītis	cālīgāverint
	pluperfect	cālīgāvissem	cālīgāvissēs	cālīgāvisset	cālīgāvissēmus	cālīgāvissētis	cālīgāvissent
passive	present	cālīger	cālīgēris, cālīgēre	cālīgētur	cālīgēmur	cālīgēminī	cālīgentur
	imperfect	cālīgārer	cālīgārēris, cālīgārēre	cālīgārētur	cālīgārēmur	cālīgārēminī	cālīgārentur
	perfect	cālīgātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	cālīgātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	cālīgā	—	—	cālīgāte	—
	future	—	cālīgātō	cālīgātō	—	cālīgātōte	cālīgantō
passive	present	—	cālīgāre	—	—	cālīgāminī	—
	future	—	cālīgātor	cālīgātor	—	—	cālīgantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		cālīgāre	cālīgāvisse	cālīgātūrum esse	cālīgārī	cālīgātum esse	cālīgātum īrī
participles		cālīgāns	—	cālīgātūrus	—	cālīgātus	cālīgandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		cālīgandī	cālīgandō	cālīgandum	cālīgandō	cālīgātum	cālīgātū

Derived terms

• cālīgātiō

References

• “caligo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “caligo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• caligo in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• caligo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to obscure the mental vision: mentis quasi luminibus officere (vid. sect. XIII. 6) or animo caliginem offundere
    

1. Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
2. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 547-548
3. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “kalyo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 186