calcar
English
Etymology 1
From the Italian calcara (“lime-kiln”).
Noun
calcar (plural calcars)
- A small oven or furnace, used for the calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into frit.
Related terms
- calcarious
- calcary
Etymology 2
From the Latin calcar (“spur”).
Noun
calcar (plural calcars)
- (botany, anatomy) A spur-like projection.
Derived terms
- calcarate
Related terms
- calcariferous
- calcariform
- calcarine
Asturian
Etymology
From Latin calcāre, present active infinitive of calcō.
Verb
calcar (first-person singular indicative present calco, past participle calcáu)
- to press, push
- to hit, strike
Conjugation
infinitive | calcar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | calcando | ||||||
past participle | m calcáu, f calcada, n calcao, m pl calcaos, f pl calcaes | ||||||
person | first singular yo | second singular tu | third singular él/elli | first plural nosotros/nós | second plural vosotros/vós | third plural ellos | |
indicative | present | calco | calques | calca | calcamos | calcáis | calquen |
imperfect | calcaba | calcabes | calcaba | calcábemos, calcábamos | calcabeis, calcabais | calcaben | |
preterite | calqué | calcasti, calquesti | calcó | calquemos | calcastis, calquestis | calcaron | |
pluperfect | calcare, calcara | calcares, calcaras | calcare, calcara | calcáremos, calcáramos | calcareis, calcarais | calcaren, calcaran | |
future | calcaré | calcarás | calcará | calcaremos | calcaréis | calcarán | |
conditional | calcaría | calcaríes | calcaría | calcaríemos, calcaríamos | calcaríeis, calcaríais | calcaríen | |
subjunctive | present | calque | calques, calcas | calque | calquemos | calquéis | calquen, calcan |
imperfect | calcare, calcara | calcares, calcaras | calcare, calcara | calcáremos, calcáramos | calcareis, calcarais | calcaren, calcaran | |
imperative | — | calca | — | — | calcái | — |
Galician
Etymology
From Latin calcāre (“to press”), present active infinitive of calcō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kalˈkaɾ/
Verb
calcar (first-person singular present calco, first-person singular preterite calquei, past participle calcado)
- to press
- to trample
Conjugation
- Note: calc- are changed to calqu- before front vowels (e).
singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
impersonal | calcar | |||||
personal | calcar | calcares | calcar | calcarmos | calcardes | calcaren |
Gerund | ||||||
calcando | ||||||
Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | calcado | calcados | ||||
feminine | calcada | calcadas | ||||
Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
present | calco | calcas | calca | calcamos | calcades | calcan |
imperfect | calcaba | calcabas | calcaba | calcabamos | calcabades | calcaban |
preterite | calquei | calcaches | calcou | calcamos | calcastes | calcaron |
pluperfect | calcara | calcaras | calcara | calcaramos | calcarades | calcaran |
future | calcarei | calcarás | calcará | calcaremos | calcaredes | calcarán |
conditional | calcaría | calcarías | calcaría | calcariamos | calcariades | calcarían |
Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
present | calque | calques | calque | calquemos | calquedes | calquen |
preterite | calcase | calcases | calcase | calcásemos | calcásedes | calcasen |
future | calcar | calcares | calcar | calcarmos | calcardes | calcaren |
Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
affirmative | – | calca | calque | calquemos | calcade | calquen |
negative | – | calques | calque | calquemos | calquedes | calquen |
Derived terms
- calco
- socalcar
- socalco
Related terms
- calcañar
- couce
References
- “calc” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “calcar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “calcar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “calcar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Latin
Etymology
Possibly from an extension of the Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“heel”). Cognate of calx, calcō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkal.kar/, [ˈkäɫ̪kär]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkal.kar/, [ˈkälkär]
Noun
calcar n (genitive calcāris); third declension
- spur (equestrian, or of a cock)
- (figuratively) incitement, stimulus
Declension
Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | calcar | calcāria |
Genitive | calcāris | calcārium |
Dative | calcārī | calcāribus |
Accusative | calcar | calcāria |
Ablative | calcārī | calcāribus |
Vocative | calcar | calcāria |
Descendants
- → English: calcar
References
- “calcar”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “calcar”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- calcar in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to put spurs to a horse: calcaribus equum concitare
- to put spurs to a horse: calcaribus equum concitare
- “calcar”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “calcar”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- New Latin Grammar, Allen and Greenough, 1903.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Latin calcāre.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /kawˈka(ʁ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈka(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /kawˈka(ɾ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈka(ɾ)]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /kawˈka(ʁ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈka(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /kawˈka(ɻ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈka(ɻ)]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /kalˈkaɾ/ [kaɫˈkaɾ]
- Hyphenation: cal‧car
Verb
calcar (first-person singular present calco, first-person singular preterite calquei, past participle calcado)
- to trample, to crush
- to press (grapes, etc.)
- (figuratively) to humiliate, to subjugate
- (Can we verify(+) this sense?) (transitive) to base a work on (a previous one)
- (Can we verify(+) this sense?) (transitive) to copy a work
Usage notes
- Do not confuse with calçar.
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | calcar | |||||
Personal | calcar | calcares | calcar | calcarmos | calcardes | calcarem |
Gerund | ||||||
calcando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | calcado | calcados | ||||
Feminine | calcada | calcadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | calco | calcas | calca | calcamos | calcais | calcam |
Imperfect | calcava | calcavas | calcava | calcávamos | calcáveis | calcavam |
Preterite | calquei | calcaste | calcou | calcamos1, calcámos2 | calcastes | calcaram |
Pluperfect | calcara | calcaras | calcara | calcáramos | calcáreis | calcaram |
Future | calcarei | calcarás | calcará | calcaremos | calcareis | calcarão |
Conditional | ||||||
calcaria | calcarias | calcaria | calcaríamos | calcaríeis | calcariam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | calque | calques | calque | calquemos | calqueis | calquem |
Imperfect | calcasse | calcasses | calcasse | calcássemos | calcásseis | calcassem |
Future | calcar | calcares | calcar | calcarmos | calcardes | calcarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | calca | calque | calquemos | calcai | calquem | |
Negative (não) | não calques | não calque | não calquemos | não calqueis | não calquem |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Related terms
- calcanhar
- calçar
- coice
- inculcar
- decalcar
- recalcar
Noun
calcar m (plural calcares)
- (botany) spur
- (zoology) in arthropods, a mobile process similar to a spike
- (zoology) in certain insects, the strongest spur located in the tibia
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from French calcaire, from Latin calcarius.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kalˈkar/, /ˈkal.kar/
Noun
calcar n (plural calcare)
- limestone
- Synonym: piatră-de-var
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) calcar | calcarul | (niște) calcare | calcarele |
genitive/dative | (unui) calcar | calcarului | (unor) calcare | calcarelor |
vocative | calcarule | calcarelor |
Derived terms
- calcaros
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kalˈkaɾ/ [kalˈkaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: cal‧car
Etymology 1
From Latin calcāre, present active infinitive of calcō.
Verb
calcar (first-person singular present calco, first-person singular preterite calqué, past participle calcado)
- to trace, copy (copy by means of carbon paper or tracing paper)
- to trample
Conjugation
infinitive | calcar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | calcando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | calcado | calcada | |||||
plural | calcados | calcadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | calco | calcastú calcásvos | calca | calcamos | calcáis | calcan | |
imperfect | calcaba | calcabas | calcaba | calcábamos | calcabais | calcaban | |
preterite | calqué | calcaste | calcó | calcamos | calcasteis | calcaron | |
future | calcaré | calcarás | calcará | calcaremos | calcaréis | calcarán | |
conditional | calcaría | calcarías | calcaría | calcaríamos | calcaríais | calcarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | calque | calquestú calquésvos2 | calque | calquemos | calquéis | calquen | |
imperfect (ra) | calcara | calcaras | calcara | calcáramos | calcarais | calcaran | |
imperfect (se) | calcase | calcases | calcase | calcásemos | calcaseis | calcasen | |
future1 | calcare | calcares | calcare | calcáremos | calcareis | calcaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | calcatú calcávos | calque | calquemos | calcad | calquen | ||
negative | no calques | no calque | no calquemos | no calquéis | no calquen |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive calcar | |||||||
dative | calcarme | calcarte | calcarle, calcarse | calcarnos | calcaros | calcarles, calcarse | |
accusative | calcarme | calcarte | calcarlo, calcarla, calcarse | calcarnos | calcaros | calcarlos, calcarlas, calcarse | |
with gerund calcando | |||||||
dative | calcándome | calcándote | calcándole, calcándose | calcándonos | calcándoos | calcándoles, calcándose | |
accusative | calcándome | calcándote | calcándolo, calcándola, calcándose | calcándonos | calcándoos | calcándolos, calcándolas, calcándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative calca | |||||||
dative | cálcame | cálcate | cálcale | cálcanos | not used | cálcales | |
accusative | cálcame | cálcate | cálcalo, cálcala | cálcanos | not used | cálcalos, cálcalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative calcá | |||||||
dative | calcame | calcate | calcale | calcanos | not used | calcales | |
accusative | calcame | calcate | calcalo, calcala | calcanos | not used | calcalos, calcalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative calque | |||||||
dative | cálqueme | not used | cálquele, cálquese | cálquenos | not used | cálqueles | |
accusative | cálqueme | not used | cálquelo, cálquela, cálquese | cálquenos | not used | cálquelos, cálquelas | |
with first-person plural imperative calquemos | |||||||
dative | not used | calquémoste | calquémosle | calquémonos | calquémoos | calquémosles | |
accusative | not used | calquémoste | calquémoslo, calquémosla | calquémonos | calquémoos | calquémoslos, calquémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative calcad | |||||||
dative | calcadme | not used | calcadle | calcadnos | calcaos | calcadles | |
accusative | calcadme | not used | calcadlo, calcadla | calcadnos | calcaos | calcadlos, calcadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative calquen | |||||||
dative | cálquenme | not used | cálquenle | cálquennos | not used | cálquenles, cálquense | |
accusative | cálquenme | not used | cálquenlo, cálquenla | cálquennos | not used | cálquenlos, cálquenlas, cálquense |
Related terms
- calcañar
- calce
- calco
- conculcar
- inculcar
- recalcar
Noun
calcar m (plural calcares)
- (anatomy, botany) calcar (a spur-like projection)
Derived terms
- calcarino
Further reading
- “calcar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014