caer
See also: Caer
English
Etymology
Welsh caer
Noun
caer (plural caers)
- A Welsh fortress.
- 1892, Grant Allen, Science in Arcady (page 295)
- […] a good many relics of the old Welsh Caers still bespeak the incompleteness of the early Teutonic conquest.
- 1892, Grant Allen, Science in Arcady (page 295)
Alternative forms
- cair
Asturian
Verb
caer
- Alternative form of cayer
Galician
Alternative forms
- caír
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese caer, from Late Latin cadēre, from Latin cadĕre. Compare Portuguese cair, Spanish caer, French choir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaˈeɾ/
Verb
caer (first-person singular present caio, first-person singular preterite caín, past participle caído)
- (intransitive) to fall, fall off, fall down
- (of a time) to fall on; to occur
- to fall; to decline; to collapse
- to fall; to die in battle
Conjugation
- Note: ca- are changed to cai- before back vowels (a, o).
Conjugation of caer
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | caer | |||||
| personal | caer | caeres | caer | caermos | caerdes | caeren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| caendo | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | caído | caídos | ||||
| feminine | caída | caídas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | caio | caes | cae | caemos | caedes | caen |
| imperfect | caía | caías | caía | caïamos | caïades | caían |
| preterite | caín | caíches | caeu | caemos | caestes | caeron |
| pluperfect | caera | caeras | caera | caeramos | caerades | caeran |
| future | caerei | caerás | caerá | caeremos | caeredes | caerán |
| conditional | caería | caerías | caería | caeriamos | caeriades | caerían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | caia | caias | caia | caiamos | caiades | caian |
| preterite | caese | caeses | caese | caésemos | caésedes | caesen |
| future | caer | caeres | caer | caermos | caerdes | caeren |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | cae | caia | caiamos | caede | caian |
| negative | – | caias | caia | caiamos | caiades | caian |
Derived terms
- caer auga a caldeiros
- caer ben
- caer chuzos de punta
- caer de cu
- caer de fuciños
Related terms
- acaer
- esquecer
References
- “caer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “caer” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “caer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “caer” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “caer” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Spanish
Etymology
From Late Latin cadēre, from Latin cadĕre. Compare Portuguese cair, Galician caer, French choir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaˈeɾ/ [kaˈeɾ]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: ca‧er
Verb
caer (first-person singular present caigo, first-person singular preterite caí, past participle caído)
- (intransitive, reflexive) to fall (to move to a lower position due to gravity)
- (intransitive) to fall (to come down, to drop, to descend)
- La lluvia cae más fuerte que antes.
- The rain is falling heavier than before.
- (intransitive, reflexive) to fall down, to collapse (to fall to the ground)
- (intransitive, reflexive) to fall out (to come out of something by falling)
- El pelo dañado puede caerse.
- Damaged hair can fall out.
- (intransitive) to fall into, to fall for; to be ensnared by
- caer en la trampa ― to fall into the trap
- (intransitive) to fall into (to enter a negative state)
- (intransitive) to fall, to collapse (to be overthrown or defeated)
- El imperio romano cayó poco a poco.
- The Roman Empire fell little by little.
- (intransitive) to get (to understand)
- No caigo. ― I don't get it.
- (intransitive) to be granted or awarded
- Le cayó una multa.
- She got fined.
- (intransitive) to fall under (to belong to for purposes of categorization)
- (intransitive) to fall on (to occur on a particular day)
Conjugation
Conjugation of caer (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | caer | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | cayendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | caído | caída | |||||
| plural | caídos | caídas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | caigo | caestú caésvos | cae | caemos | caéis | caen | |
| imperfect | caía | caías | caía | caíamos | caíais | caían | |
| preterite | caí | caíste | cayó | caímos | caísteis | cayeron | |
| future | caeré | caerás | caerá | caeremos | caeréis | caerán | |
| conditional | caería | caerías | caería | caeríamos | caeríais | caerían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | caiga | caigastú caigásvos2 | caiga | caigamos | caigáis | caigan | |
| imperfect (ra) | cayera | cayeras | cayera | cayéramos | cayerais | cayeran | |
| imperfect (se) | cayese | cayeses | cayese | cayésemos | cayeseis | cayesen | |
| future1 | cayere | cayeres | cayere | cayéremos | cayereis | cayeren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | caetú caévos | caiga | caigamos | caed | caigan | ||
| negative | no caigas | no caiga | no caigamos | no caigáis | no caigan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of caer (irregular)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive caer | |||||||
| dative | caerme | caerte | caerle, caerse | caernos | caeros | caerles, caerse | |
| accusative | caerme | caerte | caerlo, caerla, caerse | caernos | caeros | caerlos, caerlas, caerse | |
| with gerund cayendo | |||||||
| dative | cayéndome | cayéndote | cayéndole, cayéndose | cayéndonos | cayéndoos | cayéndoles, cayéndose | |
| accusative | cayéndome | cayéndote | cayéndolo, cayéndola, cayéndose | cayéndonos | cayéndoos | cayéndolos, cayéndolas, cayéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative cae | |||||||
| dative | cáeme | cáete | cáele | cáenos | not used | cáeles | |
| accusative | cáeme | cáete | cáelo, cáela | cáenos | not used | cáelos, cáelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative caé | |||||||
| dative | caeme | caete | caele | caenos | not used | caeles | |
| accusative | caeme | caete | caelo, caela | caenos | not used | caelos, caelas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative caiga | |||||||
| dative | cáigame | not used | cáigale, cáigase | cáiganos | not used | cáigales | |
| accusative | cáigame | not used | cáigalo, cáigala, cáigase | cáiganos | not used | cáigalos, cáigalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative caigamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | caigámoste | caigámosle | caigámonos | caigámoos | caigámosles | |
| accusative | not used | caigámoste | caigámoslo, caigámosla | caigámonos | caigámoos | caigámoslos, caigámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative caed | |||||||
| dative | caedme | not used | caedle | caednos | caeos | caedles | |
| accusative | caedme | not used | caedlo, caedla | caednos | caeos | caedlos, caedlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative caigan | |||||||
| dative | cáiganme | not used | cáiganle | cáigannos | not used | cáiganles, cáiganse | |
| accusative | cáiganme | not used | cáiganlo, cáiganla | cáigannos | not used | cáiganlos, cáiganlas, cáiganse | |
Conjugation of caerse (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | caerse | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | cayéndose | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | caído | caída | |||||
| plural | caídos | caídas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| personal non-finite | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| infinitive | caerme | caerte | caerse | caernos | caeros | caerse | |
| gerund | cayéndome | cayéndote | cayéndose | cayéndonos | cayéndoos | cayéndose | |
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | me caigo | te caestú te caésvos | se cae | nos caemos | os caéis | se caen | |
| imperfect | me caía | te caías | se caía | nos caíamos | os caíais | se caían | |
| preterite | me caí | te caíste | se cayó | nos caímos | os caísteis | se cayeron | |
| future | me caeré | te caerás | se caerá | nos caeremos | os caeréis | se caerán | |
| conditional | me caería | te caerías | se caería | nos caeríamos | os caeríais | se caerían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | me caiga | te caigastú te caigásvos2 | se caiga | nos caigamos | os caigáis | se caigan | |
| imperfect (ra) | me cayera | te cayeras | se cayera | nos cayéramos | os cayerais | se cayeran | |
| imperfect (se) | me cayese | te cayeses | se cayese | nos cayésemos | os cayeseis | se cayesen | |
| future1 | me cayere | te cayeres | se cayere | nos cayéremos | os cayereis | se cayeren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | cáetetú caetevos | cáigase | caigámonos | caeos | cáiganse | ||
| negative | no te caigas | no se caiga | no nos caigamos | no os caigáis | no se caigan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Derived terms
- caedizo
- caer a plomo
- caer bien
- caer chuzos de punta
- caer como chinches
- caer como moscas
- caer como un baldado de agua fría
- caer de las nubes
- caer de pie
- caer en gracia
- caer en la cama
- caer en la cuenta
- caer en saco roto
- caer gordo
- caerle una buena
- caer mal
- caer pesado
- caérsele el alma a los pies
- caérsele la casa encima
- caérsele los anillos
- caérsele los palos del sombrajo
- caimiento
- dejar caer
- dejarse caer
- estar al caer
- no caerá esa breva
- poner a caer de un burro
Related terms
- acaecer
- cadente
- caerse
- caída
- cascada
- cayente
- decaer
- escaecer
- recaer
Further reading
- “caer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Anagrams
- acre, arce, cera, crea
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /kaːɨ̯r/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /kai̯r/
Etymology 1
From Middle Welsh caer, from Old Welsh cair, from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨr (“fort, fortified town”).
See also Cornish ker (“fort”), Breton kêr (“town, city”)). Related to cae (“field”).
Noun
caer f (plural caerau or caeroedd or ceyrydd)
- fort, fortress, enclosed stronghold, castle, fortress, citadel, fortified town or city
- wall, rampart, bulwark
- twill
Derived terms
- bryngaer
- caergawell
- caerog
- caeru
Related terms
- cae
- cau
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms
- caffer
Verb
caer
- (literary) impersonal imperative of cael
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| caer | gaer | nghaer | chaer |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “caer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies