cadw
Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *kat-wo-, from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to protect”). Cognate with English hat, English heed, Latin cassis.[1]
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkadʊ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈka(ː)du/
- Rhymes: -adʊ
Verb
cadw (first-person singular present cadwaf)
- to keep
- to book (reserve)
- (computing) to save
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cadwaf | cedwi | ceidw | cadwn | cedwch | cadwant | cedwir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | cadwn | cadwit | cadwai | cadwem | cadwech | cadwent | cedwid | |
| preterite | cedwais | cedwaist | cadwodd | cadwasom | cadwasoch | cadwasant | cadwyd | |
| pluperfect | cadwaswn | cadwasit | cadwasai | cadwasem | cadwasech | cadwasent | cadwasid, cadwesid | |
| present subjunctive | cadwyf | cedwych | cadwo | cadwom | cadwoch | cadwont | cadwer | |
| imperative | — | cadw, cadwa | cadwed | cadwn | cedwch | cadwent | cadwer | |
| verbal noun | cadw | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cadwedig cadwadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cadwa i, cadwaf i | cadwi di | cadwith o/e/hi, cadwiff e/hi | cadwn ni | cadwch chi | cadwan nhw |
| conditional | cadwn i, cadwswn i | cadwet ti, cadwset ti | cadwai fo/fe/hi, cadwsai fo/fe/hi | cadwen ni, cadwsen ni | cadwech chi, cadwsech chi | cadwen nhw, cadwsen nhw |
| preterite | cadwais i, cadwes i | cadwaist ti, cadwest ti | cadwodd o/e/hi | cadwon ni | cadwoch chi | cadwon nhw |
| imperative | — | cadwa | — | — | cadwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
- Alternative third-person singular subjunctive (literary): cato
Derived terms
- cadw draw (“to keep away”)
- cadw-mi-gei (“money box”)
- cadwraeth (“conservation”)
- ceidwad (“keeper”)
- gwarchod (“to guard”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cadw | gadw | nghadw | chadw |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 202 v
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cadwaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies