burg
English
Pronunciation
Audio (AU) (file)
Etymology 1
The historical sense is from Late Latin burgus, from Frankish *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“borough, fortification”). Doublet of borough, Brough, burgh, burh, and bury. Also compare burgess.
The modern sense may have been formed in part by analogy with the many North American city names that are suffixed with -burg (a number of which in the Eastern United States once used -burgh instead. See burgh), as well as being formed in part due to German Burg.
Noun
burg (plural burgs)
- (Canada, US) A city or town.
- 1921, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Efficiency Expert, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2012:
- Tell mother that I will write her in a day or two, probably from Chicago, as I have always had an idea that that was one burg where I could make good.
- 2009 June, David Thriault, “This Way In: The Sound and the Fury”, in Esquire, volume 151, number 6, page 6:
- Imagine my surprise when I learned that he was not only a Canadian but lived in Ottawa, that icy burg I had left so many kilometers -- sorry, miles -- behind me.
- 2010 Feb, Paige Orloff, “Big Style on a (Little) Budget”, in Country Living, volume 33, number 2, page 84:
- It's been said that Wilder modeled that fictional setting on Peterborough, a quaint burg tucked away in New Hampshire's verdant southwestern hills.
-
- (historical) A fortified town in medieval Europe.
Related terms
- burgher
- burghermaster
- burgomaster
- burgrave
Translations
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Noun
burg (plural burgs)
- (slang) burger
- 2002, Ricard Marx Weinraub, Wonder Bread Hill, page 6:
- I hate this emptiness and the redundancy of eating burgs at Burger Town.
-
Anagrams
- grub
Albanian
Etymology
Possibly borrowed from Late Latin burgus (“fortress, watchtower”)[1], perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortress”),[2] or possibly borrowed from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos, “watchtower, fortress”)[3], although this is difficult given the initial b- in Albanian.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [buɹɡ]
Noun
burg m (indefinite plural burgje, definite singular burgu, definite plural burgjet)
- jail, prison
Declension
indefinite forms (trajta të pashquara) | definite forms (trajta të shquara) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (numri njëjës) | plural (numri shumës) | singular (numri njëjës) | plural (numri shumës) | ||
nominative (emërore) | (një) burg | (disa) burgj | burgu | burgjet | |
accusative (kallëzore) | (një) burg | (disa) burgj | burgun | burgjet | |
genitive (gjinore) (i/e/të/së) | (një) burgu | (disa) burgjve | burgut | burgjvet | |
dative (dhanore) | (një) burgu | (disa) burgjve | burgut | burgjvet | |
ablative (rrjedhore) (prej) | (një) burgu | (disa) burgjsh | burgut | burgjvet |
Synonyms
- hapsane f, haps m, quzë f, quar m
References
- Miklosich, Franz (1871) Albanische Forschungen II. Die romanischen Elemente im Albanischen (in German), Vienna: Karl Gerold’s Sohn
- Orel, Vladimir (1997), “New Albanian Etymologies”, in Indo-European, Nostratic & Beyond: Festschrift for Vitalij V. Shevoroshkin, Washington: Institute for the Study of Man, page 258
- Camarda, Demetrio (1864) Saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese (in Italian), volume II, Livorno: Successore di Egisto Vignozzi, page 145
Further reading
- Orel, Vladimir (1998), “burg”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 42
Catalan
Etymology
From Late Latin burgus, from Frankish *burg (“fortress”).
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈbuɾk/
- (Central) IPA(key): /ˈburk/
Noun
burg m (plural burgs)
- (historical) A fortified settlement, fortress.
- (historical) The outskirts of a city, suburbs.
- Synonym: ravals
Derived terms
- burgès
Related terms
- burgesia
- burggravi
- burgmestre
Further reading
- “burg” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʏrx/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: burg
- Rhymes: -ʏrx
Noun
burg f (plural burgen, diminutive burgje n)
- Alternative form of burcht, now rarely used outside names.
Irish
Noun
burg m (genitive singular buirg, nominative plural buirg)
- Alternative form of buirg (“borough”)
Declension
First declension
Bare forms:
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
burg | bhurg | mburg |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “burg”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “burg” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “burg” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz.
Noun
burg f
- fortress, castle
- city
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Middle Dutch: borch, burch
- Dutch: burg, burcht
- Afrikaans: burg
- Limburgish: bórg, börch
- Dutch: burg, burcht
Further reading
- “burg”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old English
Alternative forms
- burh
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *burgz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /burɡ/, [burˠɣ]
Noun
burg f (nominative plural byrġ)
- city or town
- c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
- Wyrċaþ fæsten ymb þā burg.
- Build a fortress around the city.
- late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
- Þæt Ēstland is swīðe miċel, and þǣr biþ swīðe manega byrġ, and on ǣlcre byrġ biþ cyning.
- Estonia is very large. There are a whole lot of towns, and every town has a king.
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of St. Augustine's Soliloquies
- Nāt iċ nā þȳ hwā Rōme burg timbrede þe iċ hit self ġesāwe, ac for þȳ þe hit man mē sæġde.
- I don't know who built the city of Rome because I saw it myself, but because somebody told me.
- c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of the Blessed Mary"
- Sē Godes wiðersaca hine þā ġehāthierte and cwæþ, "Þā iċ fram fierde ġeċierre, iċ tōweorpe þās burg, and hīe ġesmēðe, and tō ierþlande āwende, swā þæt hēo biþ cornbǣru swīðor þonne manbǣru."
- The adversary of God became furious and said, "When I return from the campaign, I will destroy this city, and level it, and turn it into farmland, so it is full of grain instead of people."
- c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
- fortified place: fortress, castle
- c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
- Sēo burg þæs mōdes sċeal swīðe oft ġefrēdan hire fēonda speru.
- The fortress of the mind must very often feel the spears of its enemies.
- Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 921
- Þā fōr Ēadweard cyning mid Westseaxna fierde tō Colneċeastre and ġebētte þā burg and ġeednīewode þǣr hēo ǣr tōbrocen wæs.
- Then King Edward traveled to Colchester with the West Saxon army and repaired the fortress, and rebuilt it where it had been destroyed.
- c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
Declension
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | burg | byrġ |
accusative | burg | byrġ |
genitive | byrġ | burga |
dative | byrġ | burgum |
Synonyms
- (city, town): ċeaster
- (fortress, castle): fæsten
Derived terms
- Cantwara burg (“Canterbury”)
- hēafodburg (“capital city”)
- Rōme burg (“city of Rome”)
- underburg (“suburb”)
Descendants
- Middle English: burgh
- Scots: burch, burgh
- English: borough, -borough, Brough, burg, bur-, burgh, bury (as in borough, manor), -bury
- → English: burh (learned)
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *burg, Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”).
Noun
burg f
- a castle
- a city
Declension
case | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | burg | burgi |
accusative | burg | burgi |
genitive | burgi | burgo |
dative | burgi | burgim, burgen |
Descendants
- Middle High German: burc
- German: Burg
- Luxembourgish: Buerg
References
- Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014
Old Saxon
Alternative forms
- burh
- burug
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *burg, Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /burɣ/
Noun
burg f
- fort, castle
- (Can we date this quote?) Heliand, verse 4187:
- imu thô an Effrem an theru hôhon burg uunode ― he then lived in the high fort of Effrem
- (Can we date this quote?) Heliand, verse 4187:
- city, town
- (Can we date this quote?) Genesis, verse 238:
- bûan an them burugium ― to live in these cities
- (Can we date this quote?) Genesis, verse 238:
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | burg, burh | burgi |
accusative | burg, burh | burgi |
genitive | burgi | burgiō |
dative | burgi | burgium |
instrumental | — | — |
Descendants
- Middle Low German: borch
- German Low German: Börg, Borg
Romanian
Etymology
From French bourg.
Noun
burg n (plural burguri)
- burg, market town
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) burg | burgul | (niște) burguri | burgurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) burg | burgului | (unor) burguri | burgurilor |
vocative | burgule | burgurilor |