bully
English
Etymology
From 1530, as a term of endearment, probably a diminutive ( + -y) of Dutch boel (“lover; brother”), from Middle Dutch boel, boele (“brother; lover”), from Old Dutch *buolo, from Proto-Germanic *bōlô (compare Middle Low German bôle (“brother”), Middle High German buole (“brother; close relative; close relation”) (whence German Buhle (“lover”)), Old English Bōla, Bōlla (personal name), diminutive of expressive *bō- (“brother, father”). Compare also Latvian bālinš (“brother”). More at boy.
The term acquired negative senses during the 17th century; first ‘noisy, blustering fellow’ then ‘a person who is cruel to others’. Possibly influenced by bull (“male cattle”) or via the ‘prostitute's minder’ sense.[1] The positive senses are dated, but survive in phrases such as bully pulpit.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbʊli/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ʊli
Noun
bully (countable and uncountable, plural bullies)
- A person who is intentionally physically or emotionally cruel to others, especially to those whom they perceive as being vulnerable or of less power or privilege. [from late 17th c.]
- A playground bully pushed a girl off the swing.
- I noticed you being a bully towards people with disabilities.
- A noisy, blustering, tyrannical person, more insolent than courageous; one who is threatening and quarrelsome.
- 1840 September 22, Lord Palmerston, The Life of Henry John Temple, Viscount of Palmerston, volume 2, 3rd edition, published 1871, page 327:
- Besides, bullies seldom execute the threats they deal in; and men of trick and cunning are not always men of desperate resolves.
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- A hired thug.
- 1849, John McLean, Notes of a Twenty-Five Years' Service in the Hudson's Bay Territory, pp. 42-3:
- Mr. Fisher returned from town... he had learnt that our opponents intended to shift the scene of operations to the Chats... We understood that they had hired two bullies for the purpose of deciding the matter par voie de fait. Mr Fisher hired two of the same description, who were supposed to be more than a match for the opposition party.
- Synonyms: henchman, thug
- 1849, John McLean, Notes of a Twenty-Five Years' Service in the Hudson's Bay Territory, pp. 42-3:
- A sex worker’s minder.
- Synonyms: pimp; see also Thesaurus:pimp
- 2009, Dan Cruikshank, Secret History of Georgian London, Random House, p. 473:
- The Proclamation Society and the Society for the Suppression of Vice were more concerned with obscene literature […] than with hands-on street battles with prostitutes and their bullies […].
- (uncountable) Bully beef.
- (obsolete) A brisk, dashing fellow.
- c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene i]:
- What sayest thou, Bully Bottom?
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- The small scrum in the Eton College field game.
- Various small freshwater or brackishwater fish of the family Eleotridae; sleeper goby.
The common bully, Gobiomorphus cotidianus - (obsolete or dialectal, Ireland and Northern England) An (eldest) brother; a fellow workman; comrade
- 1824, Gilchrist, Robert, “The Skipper's Erudition”, in A Collection of Original Local Songs, page 11:
- Frae Team Gut to Whitley, we' coals black an' brown
For the Amphitrite loaded, the keel had come down—
But the bullies ower neet had their gobs se oft wet,
That the nyem o' the ship yen an' a' did forget.
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- (dialectal) A companion; mate (male or female).
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:friend
- (obsolete) A darling, sweetheart (male or female).
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:sweetheart
- 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene i]:
- I kiss his dirty shoe, and from heart-string / I love the lovely bully. What is thy name?
- 1753, Richardson, Samuel, “Letter 15”, in The History of Sir Charles Grandison:
- I have promised to be with the sweet bully early in the morning of her important day.
- 1848, Carleton, William, Fardorougha the Miser, page 16:
- What! manim-an—kiss your child, man alive. That I may never, but he looks at the darlin’ as if it was a sod of turf! Throth you’re not worthy of havin’ such a bully.
- (field hockey) A standoff between two players from the opposing teams, who repeatedly hit each other's hockey sticks and then attempt to acquire the ball, as a method of resuming the game in certain circumstances. Also called bully-off.
- (mining) A miner's hammer.
Derived terms
- bully-boy
- bully-off
- bully stick
- bully tree
- flat-track bully
Translations
a person who is intentionally cruel to others
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a hired thug
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pimp — see pimp
bully beef — see bully beef
a small freshwater fish
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Verb
bully (third-person singular simple present bullies, present participle bullying, simple past and past participle bullied)
- (transitive) To intimidate (someone) as a bully.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:intimidate
- 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, Sydney: Ure Smith, published 1962, OCLC 751607287, page 218:
- Bradly's stomach kinked in on itself, thinking of Cora struck silly with that corpse on her hands and the copper bullying the truth out of her.
- 2022 August 26, Lendon, Brad, “'Xi Jinping doesn't scare me': US Sen. Marsha Blackburn lands in Taiwan, vows not to be bullied by China”, in CNN, archived from the original on 26 August 2022:
- United States Sen. Marsha Blackburn on Thursday became the latest member of Congress to visit Taiwan defying pressure from Beijing, saying, "I will not be bullied by Communist China into turning my back on the island."
- You shouldn't bully people for being weak.
- (transitive) To act aggressively towards.
- Synonyms: push around, ride roughshod over
- 2011 January 15, Sam Sheringham, “Chelsea 2 -03 Blackburn Rovers”, in BBC:
- The Potters know their strengths and played to them perfectly here, out-muscling Bolton in midfield and bullying the visitors' back-line at every opportunity.
Translations
to intimidate
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to act aggressively towards
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Adjective
bully (comparative bullier, superlative bulliest)
- (US, slang) Very good.
- Synonyms: excellent; see also Thesaurus:excellent
- a bully horse
- 1861, Daniel Bryant, Bryant's Songs from Dixie's Land, page 19:
- To sing a bully song I'll try, / Bully for you, bully for you, / Gay as they make them, here I am, / Bully for you, for you.
- 1916, The Independent (volumes 35-36, page 6)
- She is a bully woman, not only a good mother, but a wonderful in-law
- (slang, obsolete) Jovial and blustering.
- Synonym: dashing
- 1597, William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor Act II, scene iii:
- Bless thee, bully doctor!
Derived terms
- bully boy
- bully pulpit
Translations
very good; excellent
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Interjection
bully
- (often followed by for) Well done!
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:well done
- Bully, she's finally asked for that promotion!
- 1979, Jerome Alden, Bully: An Adventure with Teddy Roosevelt, OCLC 4665204, page 3:
- Bully! Bully! Finis coronet opus, “the end crowns all”; “may the last be the best!” By Godfrey it was delightful.
Translations
well done!
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References
- Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “bully”, in Online Etymology Dictionary, retrieved 2017-05-05: “Meaning deteriorated 17c. through "fine fellow" and "blusterer" to "harasser of the weak" (1680s, from bully-ruffian, 1650s).”.
Further reading
bully on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from English bully, itself a derivation of Dutch boel (“lover; brother”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbu.li/
- Hyphenation: bul‧ly
Noun
bully m (plural bully's)
- (field hockey) bully (way of resuming the game with a standoff between two opposing players who repeatedly hit each other's sticks, then try to gain possession of the ball)
Spanish
Noun
bully m (plural bullys or bullies or bully)
- bully