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单词 buffet
释义

buffet

See also: Buffet

English

Jean-Louis Forain, The Buffet, 1884

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle English buffet (“stool”), from Middle French buffet (“side table”), from Old French buffet, of unknown origin. The modern pronunciation is remodelled after modern French buffet.

Pronunciation

  • (UK) enPR: bo͝o'fā, bŭ'fā; IPA(key): /ˈbʊ.feɪ/, /ˈbʌ.feɪ/
  • (US) enPR: bəfā', IPA(key): /bəˈfeɪ/, /bʌˈfeɪ/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: (US) -eɪ

Noun

buffet (plural buffets)

  1. A counter or sideboard from which food and drinks are served or may be bought.
    Synonyms: sideboard, smorgasbord, (obsolete) cupboard
    • 1909, Archibald Marshall [pseudonym; Arthur Hammond Marshall], “A Court Ball”, in The Squire’s Daughter, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, published 1919, OCLC 491297620, page 9:
      They stayed together during three dances, went out on to the terrace, explored wherever they were permitted to explore, paid two visits to the buffet, and enjoyed themselves much in the same way as if they had been school-children surreptitiously breaking loose from an assembly of grown-ups.
  2. Food laid out in this way, to which diners serve themselves.
    Synonyms: buffet meal, smorgasbord
    We'll be serving supper buffet style.
  3. A small low stool; a hassock.
Derived terms
  • buffet car
  • finger buffet
  • scatter buffet
Descendants
  • → Japanese: ビュッフェ (byuffe)
  • → Korean: 뷔페 (bwipe)
Translations
food — See also translations at smorgasbord
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

From Middle English buffet (“buffet”), from Old French buffet, diminutive of buffe, cognate with Italian buffetto. See buffer, buffoon, and compare German puffen (“to jostle, to hustle”).

Pronunciation

  • enPR: bŭfʹĭt, IPA(key): /ˈbʌf.ɪt/, /ˈbʌf.ət/
  • Audio (southern England)(file)
  • Audio (southern England)(file)

Noun

buffet (countable and uncountable, plural buffets)

  1. (countable) A blow or cuff with or as if with the hand, or by any other solid object or the wind.
    Synonyms: blow, (by any solid object) collision, (with the hand) cuff
    • 1805, Walter Scott, “(please specify the page)”, in The Lay of the Last Minstrel: A Poem, London: […] [James Ballantyne] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], and A[rchibald] Constable and Co., […], OCLC 1001655651:
      On his cheek a buffet fell.
    • October 30, 1795, Edmund Burke, letter to Lord Auckland
      those planks of tough and hardy oak that used for years to brave the buffets of the Bay of Biscay
    • 1960, P. G. Wodehouse, Jeeves in the Offing, chapter VII and XIV:
      Kipper stood blinking, as I had sometimes seen him do at the boxing tourneys in which he indulged when in receipt of a shrewd buffet on some tender spot like the tip of the nose.
  2. (aviation, uncountable) The vibration of an aircraft when flying in or approaching a stall, caused by separation of airflow from the aircraft's wings.
    • 1979 December 21, National Transportation Safety Board, “Aircraft and Flightcrew Performance”, in Aircraft Accident Report: American Airlines, Inc., DC-10-10, N110AA, Chicago-O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois, May 25, 1979‎, archived from the original on 17 August 2022, retrieved 25 August 2022, page 54:
      The aircraft configuration was such that there was little or no warning of the stall onset. The inboard slats were extended, and therefore, the flow separation from the stall would be limited to the outboard segment of the left wing and would not be felt by the left horizontal stabilizer. There would be little or no buffet. The DFDR also indicated that there was some turbulence, which could have masked any aerodynamic buffeting. Since the roll to the left began at V2 + 6 and since the pilots were aware that V2 was well above the aircraft's stall speed, they probably did not suspect that the roll to the left indicated a stall. In fact, the roll probably confused them, especially since the stickshaker had not activated.

Etymology 3

From Middle English buffeten, from Old French buffeter, from the noun (see above).

Pronunciation

  • enPR: bŭfʹĭt, IPA(key): /ˈbʌf.ɪt/, /ˈbʌf.ət/

Verb

buffet (third-person singular simple present buffets, present participle buffeting or buffetting, simple past and past participle buffeted or buffetted)

  1. (transitive) To strike with a buffet; to cuff; to slap.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Matthew 26:67:
      They spit in his face and buffeted him.
  2. (transitive, figurative) To aggressively challenge, denounce, or criticise.
    • 2013 May 23, Sarah Lyall, "British Leader’s Liberal Turn Sets Off a Rebellion in His Party," New York Times (retrieved 29 May 2013):
      Buffeted by criticism of his policy on Europe, battered by rebellion in the ranks over his bill to legalize same-sex marriage and wounded by the perception that he is supercilious, contemptuous and out of touch with mainstream Conservatism, Mr. Cameron earlier this week took the highly unusual step of sending a mass e-mail (or, as he called it, “a personal note”) to his party’s grass-roots members.
  3. To affect as with blows; to strike repeatedly; to strive with or contend against.
    to buffet the billows
    • 1726, William Broome, epistle to Elijah Fenton
      The sudden hurricane in thunder roars, / Buffets the bark, and whirls it from the shores.
    • 1830, Joseph Plumb Martin, A Narrative of Some of the Adventures, Dangers and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier, Ch. I:
      [...] I buffetted heat and mosquetoes, and got the hay all up [...]
    • 1887, William Black, “A Keepsake”, in Sabina Zembra […], volume III, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., OCLC 22523627, page 146:
      You are lucky fellows who can live in a dreamland of your own, instead of being buffeted about the world—
  4. To deaden the sound of (bells) by muffling the clapper.
Translations

Further reading

  • buffet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Chinese

Etymology

From English buffet.

Pronunciation

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): pou6 fei1
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: pou6 fei1
      • Yale: pouh fēi
      • Cantonese Pinyin: pou6 fei1
      • Guangdong Romanization: pou6 féi1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pʰou̯²² fei̯⁵⁵/

Noun

buffet

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) buffet
    食buffet [Cantonese]  ―  sik6 pou6 fei1 [Jyutping]  ―  to have a buffet meal

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 自助餐 (“buffet”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)自助餐
MandarinTaiwan自助餐, 吃到飽, buffet
CantoneseHong Kongbuffet, 自助餐, 任食, 放題 Japanese

Finnish

Etymology

From French buffet.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbufeː/, [ˈbufe̞ː]
  • IPA(key): /ˈbyfeː/, [ˈbyfe̞ː]
  • IPA(key): /ˈbyfːeː/, [ˈbyfːe̞ː]
  • IPA(key): /ˈbufːetːi/, [ˈbufːe̞t̪ːi] (colloquial)

Noun

buffet

  1. buffet

Usage notes

The endings of the alternative, somewhat Finnicized forms buffetti and especially bufetti better fit the structure of Finnish.

Most Finns don't know that the letter t in the form "buffet" is silent (and that the letter u is pronounced [y]) and are not sure how to decline this form because Finnish nouns don't end in -t in the singular. They therefore consciously or unconsciously change the ending in the nominative to the more Finnish ending -tti in speaking, despite the fact that the French pronunciation (with [y] and silent t) is the only one listed in the Kielitoimiston sanakirja.

Most Finns have trouble pronouncing the sound [b] and many the sound [f], so the completely Finnicized form puhvetti is in fact widespread in speech even though the spelling buffetti is the most common.

Declension

Inflection of buffet (Kotus type 22/parfait, no gradation)
nominativebuffetbuffet’t
genitivebuffet’nbuffet’iden
buffet’itten
partitivebuffet’täbuffet’itä
illativebuffet’henbuffet’ihin
singularplural
nominativebuffetbuffet’t
accusativenom.buffetbuffet’t
gen.buffet’n
genitivebuffet’nbuffet’iden
buffet’itten
partitivebuffet’täbuffet’itä
inessivebuffet’ssäbuffet’issä
elativebuffet’stäbuffet’istä
illativebuffet’henbuffet’ihin
adessivebuffet’lläbuffet’illä
ablativebuffet’ltäbuffet’iltä
allativebuffet’llebuffet’ille
essivebuffet’näbuffet’inä
translativebuffet’ksibuffet’iksi
instructive—buffet’in
abessivebuffet’ttäbuffet’ittä
comitative—buffet’ineen
Possessive forms of buffet (type parfait)
possessorsingularplural
1st personbuffet’nibuffet’mme
2nd personbuffet’sibuffet’nne
3rd personbuffet’nsä

French

Etymology

From Middle French bufet (1150), from Old French bufet, of uncertain origin; possibly a Celtic borrowing. Compare Scottish Gaelic biadh (“food, sustenance”), buadha (“valuable, precious”).[1][2] Or, according to the Digitized Treasury of the French Language, from an imitative source akin to bouffer (“to eat (in excess)”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /by.fɛ/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

buffet m (plural buffets)

  1. sideboard, dresser (a piece of furniture)
  2. buffet (food)
  3. (slang) belly

Synonyms

(sideboard):

  • crédence

Derived terms

  • buffet à volonté
  • buffet campagnard
  • buffet d’argenterie
  • buffet d’eau
  • buffet de cuisine
  • buffet de gare
  • buffet d’orgue
  • buffet du grand jeu
  • buffet du positif
  • buffet froid
  • buffet garni
  • buffet glacière
  • buffetier
  • buffetière
  • danser devant le buffet
  • dressoir-buffet
  • en avoir dans le buffet
  • n’avoir rien dans le buffet
  • ne pas manquer de buffet
  • ne rien avoir dans le buffet
  • vin du buffet

Descendants

  • → Catalan: bufet
  • → Danish: buffet
  • → Dutch: buffet
  • → Finnish: buffet
  • → Galician: bufete
  • → German: Buffet, Büfett; Büfet, Büffet, Büfee, Büffee
  • → Italian: buffet
  • → Lao: ບຸບເຟ່ (bup fē)
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: buffet
  • → Norwegian Nynorsk: buffet
  • → Persian: بوفه‎
  • → Polish: bufet
  • → Portuguese: buffet, bufê, bufete; bifê, bufete
  • → Serbo-Croatian: bìfē, бѝфе̄
  • → Spanish: buffet, bufet
  • → Spanish: bufete
    • → Cebuano: bupete
  • → Swedish: buffé
  • → Thai: บุฟเฟต์ (búp-fêe)
  • → Turkish: büfe
  • → Vietnamese: búp phê

References

  1. Mackay, Charles (1877): The Gaelic Etymology of the Languages of Western Europe: And More Especially of the English and Lowland Scotch, and Their Slang, Cant, and Colloquial Dialects, p. 58
  2. Macleod, Norman (1887): A Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, in Two Parts: I. Gaelic and English.--II. English and Gaelic, p. 96
  • “buffet”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Further reading

  • “buffet”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Italian

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French buffet.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bufˈfɛ/**, /bufˈfe/**, (careful style) /byfˈfɛ/**[1]
  • Rhymes: -ɛ, -e

Noun

buffet m (invariable)

  1. (furniture) sideboard
    Synonym: dispensa
  2. buffet, refreshment bar

References

  1. buffet in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Further reading

  • buffet in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Middle English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /buˈfɛt/, /ˈbufɛt/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old French bufet, buffet, diminutive of buffe.

Alternative forms

  • boffat, boffet, bofett

Noun

buffet (plural buffettes)

  1. A buffet (strike or blow, especially with one's hand).
  • buffeten
Descendants
  • English: buffet
  • Scots: buffet
References
  • “buffet, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle French bufet (“side table”), from Old French bufet, of unknown origin.

Alternative forms

  • bofet, buffett, buffit

Noun

buffet

  1. (Late Middle English) stool
    • c. 15th century, author unknown, Wakefield Mystery Plays
      Go fetche us a light buffet.
Descendants
  • English: buffet (remodelled after modern French)
    • → Japanese: ビュッフェ (byuffe)
    • → Korean: 뷔페 (bwipe)
  • ⇒ Scots: buffet stule
References
  • “buffet, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

  • buffé, buffe

Etymology

From French buffet.

Noun

buffet m (definite singular buffeten, indefinite plural buffeter, definite plural buffetene)

  1. sideboard or buffet (US) (dining room furniture containing table linen and services)
  2. buffet (counter or room where refreshments are sold)
  3. stående buffet - buffet (a meal which guests can serve themselves)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

  • buffé, buffe

Etymology

From French buffet.

Noun

buffet m (definite singular buffeten, indefinite plural buffetar, definite plural buffetane)

  1. sideboard or buffet (US) (dining room furniture containing table linen and services)
  2. buffet (a counter or room where refreshments are sold)
  3. ståande buffet - buffet (a meal which guests can serve themselves)

Portuguese

Alternative forms

  • bufê, bufete
  • bifê (proscribed)

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French buffet.

Pronunciation

  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /buˈfe/
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /buˈfe/

Noun

buffet m (plural buffets)

  1. (proscribed) buffet (food laid out so diners may serve themselves)

Further reading

  • “buffet” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Spanish

Alternative forms

  • bufet

Etymology

From French buffet. Doublet of bufete.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /buˈfet/ [buˈfet̪]
  • Rhymes: -et
  • Syllabification: buf‧fet

Noun

buffet m (plural buffets)

  1. buffet

Further reading

  • “bufet”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
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