brón
Irish
Pronunciation
- (Munster) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠoːn̪ˠ/, [bˠɾˠõːn̪ˠ]
- (Aran) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠoːn/
- (Cois Fharraige) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠuːn̪ˠ/
Etymology 1
From Old Irish brón.
Noun
brón m (genitive singular bróin)
- sorrow
- Tá brón orm ― I'm sorry (lit. "Sorrow is on me")
Declension
First declension
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Derived terms
- brat bróin (“pall”)
- brónach (“sorrowful”, adjective)
- mo bhrón (“alas”)
- tá brón orm (“I'm sorry”)
Related terms
- brónaí f (“sorrowfulness”)
Verb
brón (present analytic brónann, future analytic brónfaidh, verbal noun brónadh, past participle brónta)
- (transitive) grieve
- An ní nach bhfeiceann súil ní bhrónann croí. (proverb)
- What the eye sees not the heart rues not.
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | brónaim | brónann tú; brónair† | brónann sé, sí | brónaimid | brónann sibh | brónann siad; brónaid† | a bhrónann; a bhrónas / a mbrónann*; a mbrónas* | bróntar |
past | bhrón mé; bhrónas | bhrón tú; bhrónais | bhrón sé, sí | bhrónamar; bhrón muid | bhrón sibh; bhrónabhair | bhrón siad; bhrónadar | a bhrón / ar bhrón* | brónadh | |
past habitual | bhrónainn / mbrónainn‡‡ | bhróntá / mbróntᇇ | bhrónadh sé, sí / mbrónadh sé, s퇇 | bhrónaimis; bhrónadh muid / mbrónaimis‡‡; mbrónadh muid‡‡ | bhrónadh sibh / mbrónadh sibh‡‡ | bhrónaidís; bhrónadh siad / mbrónaidís‡‡; mbrónadh siad‡‡ | a bhrónadh / a mbrónadh* | bhróntaí / mbrónta퇇 | |
future | brónfaidh mé; brónfad | brónfaidh tú; brónfair† | brónfaidh sé, sí | brónfaimid; brónfaidh muid | brónfaidh sibh | brónfaidh siad; brónfaid† | a bhrónfaidh; a bhrónfas / a mbrónfaidh*; a mbrónfas* | brónfar | |
conditional | bhrónfainn / mbrónfainn‡‡ | bhrónfá / mbrónfᇇ | bhrónfadh sé, sí / mbrónfadh sé, s퇇 | bhrónfaimis; bhrónfadh muid / mbrónfaimis‡‡; mbrónfadh muid‡‡ | bhrónfadh sibh / mbrónfadh sibh‡‡ | bhrónfaidís; bhrónfadh siad / mbrónfaidís‡‡; mbrónfadh siad‡‡ | a bhrónfadh / a mbrónfadh* | bhrónfaí / mbrónfa퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go mbróna mé; go mbrónad† | go mbróna tú; go mbrónair† | go mbróna sé, sí | go mbrónaimid; go mbróna muid | go mbróna sibh | go mbróna siad; go mbrónaid† | — | go mbróntar |
past | dá mbrónainn | dá mbróntá | dá mbrónadh sé, sí | dá mbrónaimis; dá mbrónadh muid | dá mbrónadh sibh | dá mbrónaidís; dá mbrónadh siad | — | dá mbróntaí | |
imperative | brónaim | brón | brónadh sé, sí | brónaimis | brónaigí; brónaidh† | brónaidís | — | bróntar | |
verbal noun | brónadh | ||||||||
past participle | brónta |
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Descendants
- →⇒ Yola: murreen
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
brón
- (dialectal, archaic) genitive singular of bró
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
brón | bhrón | mbrón |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “brón”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “brón”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “brón” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, p. 51.
- Entries containing “brón” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”)[1] (also reconstructible as *bruginos, *broginos, *brognos),[2] of uncertain further origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, from the root *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”) + *-nós, though the laryngeal makes this problematic; alternatively from *bʰreg- (“to break”) or another root.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /broːn/
Noun
brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)
- sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5d25
- "brón caích bad brón dúibsi" glosses flete cum flentibus
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16b8
- "ni far mbrón si ..." glosses contristati
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 129c6
- "in brón" glosses mestitudinem
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5d25
Inflection
Masculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | brón | brónL | bróinL |
Vocative | bróin | brónL | brónuH |
Accusative | brónN | brónL | brónuH |
Genitive | bróinL | brón | brónN |
Dative | brónL | brónaib | brónaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Derived terms
- brónach (“sorrowful, grieving, sad”)
Descendants
- Irish: brón
- Scottish Gaelic: bròn
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
brón | brón pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ | mbrón |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “brón”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN, page 52
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*brugno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 80–81
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “brón”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 62