bryngen
Middle English
Alternative forms
- brenge, bring, bringe, bringen, bringge, bringue, brinken, bryng, brynge, bryngge, bryngyn
- brinngenn (Ormulum)
Etymology
Inherited from Old English bringan, from Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbrinɡən/
Verb
bryngen (third-person singular simple present bryngeth, present participle bryngynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative broghte, past participle broght)
- to bring; to (physically) convey or deliver towards
- to deliver or provide (news, an argument, etc.)
- to put; to set or bring onto.
- c. 1375, “Book V”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 17, verso, lines 408-410; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:
- All þe wictalis owtane ſalt / Als quheyt and flour ⁊ meill ⁊ malt / In þe wyne sellar geꝛt he bꝛyng […]
- All the food except for salt, / like wheat, flour, meal, and malt, / he went to put in the wine-cellar […]
-
- to bring about; to create; to occasion:
- to supply, contribute; to provide with
- to bring, lead (in(to) or out (of) a quality)
- to modify (something) into (something else)
- (rare) to cause (to do); to induce
Usage notes
This verb is often used as part of phrasal verb constructions.
Conjugation
Conjugation of bryngen (weak irregular)
| infinitive | (to) bryngen, brynge | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | ||
| 1st-person singular | brynge | broghte | |
| 2nd-person singular | bryngest | broghtest | |
| 3rd-person singular | bryngeth | broghte | |
| subjunctive singular | brynge | ||
| imperative singular | — | ||
| plural1 | bryngen, brynge | broghten, broghte | |
| imperative plural | bryngeth, brynge | — | |
| participles | bryngynge, bryngende | broght, ybroght | |
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants
- English: bring
- Scots: bring
- Yola: ee-brougkt (ppl)
References
- “bringen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.