brukti
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bruś/k-[1], from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruḱ-[1]. Cognates include Bulgarian бръсна (brǎsna, “to shave”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbrʊkʲtʲɪ]
Verb
brùkti (third-person present tense brùka, third-person past tense brùko) [2]
- (transitive) to shove, thrust
- brùkti rankàs į̃ kišenès[2] - to shove the hands into the pockets
- (transitive) (to press to buy): to thrust, force
- brùkti prẽkę[2] - to force the goods
- (transitive) to drive
- brùkti árklius[2] - to drive the horses
- (transitive) (flax) to scutch
- linùs brùkti[2] - to scutch the flax
Conjugation
Conjugation of brukti
| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) | 2nd person (antrasis asmuo) | 3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) | 2nd person (antrasis asmuo) | 3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) | present (esamasis laikas) | bruku | bruki | bruka | brukame, brukam | brukate, brukat | bruka | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) | brukau | brukai | bruko | brukome, brukom | brukote, brukot | bruko | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) | brukdavau | brukdavai | brukdavo | brukdavome, brukdavom | brukdavote, brukdavot | brukdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) | bruksiu | bruksi | bruks | bruksime, bruksim | bruksite, bruksit | bruks | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) | brukčiau | bruktum, bruktumei | bruktų | bruktumėme, bruktumėm, bruktume | bruktumėte, bruktumėt | bruktų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) | — | bruk, bruki | tebruka, tebrukie | brukime, brukim | brukite, brukit | tebruka, tebrukie | ||
Participles of brukti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | brukąs, brukantis | brukamas | |
| past | brukęs | bruktas | |
| past frequentative | brukdavęs | — | |
| future | bruksiąs, bruksiantis | bruksimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | bruktinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | brukdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) | present | brukant | |
| past | brukus | ||
| past frequentative | brukdavus | ||
| future | bruksiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | brukte, bruktinai | ||
Synonyms
- (to shove): kišti, sprausti, terpti
- (to drive): grūsti, varyti
Derived terms
verbs derived from brukti
- api-brukti
- į-brukti
- (reflexive) į-si-brukti
- iš-brukti
- nu-brukti
- pa-brukti
- su-brukti
- (reflexive) su-si-brukti
- už-brukti
- (reflexive) bruktis
nouns derived from brukti
- (verbal noun) brukìmas m
- brukė́jas m / brukė́ja f
See also
- kimšti
- giñti
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 65.
- “brukti” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.
- “brukti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN