bruk
See also: Bruk and BRUK
Gothic
Romanization
bruk
- Romanization of 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺
Kalasha
Etymology
From Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás; compare Persian گرده (gorde).
Noun
bruk (Arabic بروُک)
- kidney
Lithuanian
Alternative forms
- bruki
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [brʊk]
Verb
brùk
- second-person singular imperative of brukti
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
Cognate with Upper Sorbian bruk and Czech brouk.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bruk/
Noun
bruk m (diminutive bruck)
- beetle (insect)
Declension
Declension of bruk
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | bruk | bruka | bruki |
| Genitive | bruka | brukowu | brukow |
| Dative | brukoju | brukoma | brukam |
| Accusative | bruka | brukowu | bruki, brukow |
| Instrumental | brukom | brukoma | brukami |
| Locative | bruku | brukoma | brukach |
Derived terms
- brucaś
- brucyk
- brucyś
- brukaś
Further reading
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “bruk”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999), “bruk”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Middle Low German bruk.
Noun
bruk m or n (definite singular bruken or bruket, uncountable)
- use (noun)
Derived terms
Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)
- brukbar
- brukskonto
- bruksområde
- gjenbruk
- misbruk
- språkbruk
- vannbruk
Noun
bruk n (definite singular bruket, indefinite plural bruk, definite plural bruka or brukene)
- farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)
Derived terms
Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)
- forbruk
- gårdsbruk
- hagebruk
- jordbruk
- landbruk
- melkebruk, mjølkebruk
- sagbruk
- sauebruk
- skogbruk
- småbruk
Verb
bruk
- imperative of bruke
References
- “bruk” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /brʉːk/
Etymology 1
From Middle Low German bruk.
Noun
bruk m or n (definite singular bruken or bruket, uncountable)
- use (noun)
Derived terms
- brukbar
- brukskonto
- bruksområde
- gjenbruk
- misbruk
- språkbruk
- voldsbruk
Noun
bruk n (definite singular bruket, indefinite plural bruk, definite plural bruka)
- farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)
Derived terms
- forbruk
- hagebruk
- jordbruk
- landbruk
- mjølkebruk
- sagbruk
- sauebruk
- skogbruk
- småbruk
Verb
bruk
- imperative of bruka
- imperative of bruke
References
- “bruk” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from German Brücke, from Middle High German brucke, from Old High German brugga, brucca, from Proto-West Germanic *bruggju, from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.[1] Doublet of bryka (“britchka, car”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bruk/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -uk
- Syllabification: bruk
- Homophone: bróg
Noun
bruk m inan
- cobblestones (road pavement made of stones)
- 1969, Seweryn Orzełowski, Budowa podwozi i nadwozi samochodowych, 18th edition, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, page 379:
- Na podstawie obserwowanej eksploatacji wyznacza się [...] procentowe udziały pracy na drogach o różnych rodzajach nawierzchni (asfalt, bruk, drogi gruntowe)[...]
- On the basis of the observed exploitation one determines the percentage of action on roads with different kinds of pavement (asphalt, cobblestones, dirt roads) [...]
- 2013 November 11, “Wyrwany bruk, rozbite samochody. Skutki zamieszek”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2023-01-11:
- Policja pilnuje zniszczonej ulicy Wilczej. Leży na niej bruk, szkło i metalowe słupki.
- The police is monitoring the ruined Wilcza [Wolf] Street. On it lie cobblestones, glass, and metal poles.
- 2021 September 11, Aleksandra Beldowicz, “Poznań stawia na rośliny w centrum miasta”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2021-09-20:
- [...] władze miasta planują usuwać bruk i sadzić rośliny [...]
- [...] the city government plans to remove the cobblestones and plant plants [...]
-
- (archaic) pavement of any sort
- 1934 June 13, “Zamach na asfalt magistracki”, in Józef Matuszczyk, editor, ABC: pismo codzienne informuje wszystkich o wszystkiem, number 161, Warszawa: Mazowiecka Spółka Wydawnicza, archived from the original on 2023-01-11, page 4:
- W tych dniach na ul. Gęsiej przystąpiono do naprawiania bruku asfaltowego, jednakże robotę chwilowo przerwano.
- In these days, on Gęsia [Goose] Street, the repair of the asphalt pavement was begun; however, the work was momentarily stopped.
- Synonym: nawierzchnia
-
Declension
Declension of bruk
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | bruk | bruki |
| genitive | bruku | bruków |
| dative | brukowi | brukom |
| accusative | bruk | bruki |
| instrumental | brukiem | brukami |
| locative | bruku | brukach |
| vocative | bruku | bruki |
Derived terms
- brukowiec
- brukowy
- na bruku
- wyrzucić na bruk
References
- Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “bruk”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna
Further reading
- bruk in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- bruk in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Swedish
Etymology
From Low German bruk (“use”), from the verb bruken (“to use”).
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ʉːk
Noun
bruk n
- a use, usage
- Jag har inget bruk för den
- I have no use for it
- a customary way of behaving within some group of people; a practice, a custom, a fashion, a tradition, culture
- seder och bruk
- customs and practices
- cultivation, tillage
- a works, a mill, an industry, an ironwork, a forge
- Han jobbar på bruket
- He works at the mill
- mortar (mixture of cement)
- 1948, Ulf Peder Olrog, song title
- Mera bruk i baljan, boys
- More mortar in the trough, boys
- Mera bruk i baljan, boys
- Synonym: murbruk
- 1948, Ulf Peder Olrog, song title
Usage notes
Idiomatic for using illegal drugs (and certain public services, e.g. home care) in (sense 1).
Declension
| Declension of bruk | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | bruk | bruket | bruk | bruken |
| Genitive | bruks | brukets | bruks | brukens |
Related terms
- bruka (“use”)
- brukare (“user”)
- brukbar (“usable”)
- bruklig
- bruksanvisning
- bruksort
- jordbruk (“agriculture”)
- järnbruk
- murbruk
- naturbruk (“natural resource use”)
- obrukbar (“unusable”)
- skogsbruk (“forestry”)
- vattenbruk (“aquaculture”)
See also
- användning
- verk
Further reading
- bruk in Svensk ordbok.
Anagrams
- burk
Tok Pisin
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Etymology
English break
Verb
bruk intrans., transitive brukim
- (intransitive) break
- 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:10:
- Na wanpela wara i kamap long Iden bilong givim wara long dispela gaden. Dispela wara i bruk na i kamap 4-pela han wara
- →New International Version translation
-
Adjective
bruk
- broken
Related terms
- brukim