bruise
English
Alternative forms
- bruize (obsolete)
- brise (obsolete)
Etymology
From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”):
- Old English brȳsan, brīesan (“to bruise; crush”), from Proto-Germanic *brausijaną, *brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”). Provided the word's sense.
- Anglo-Norman bruiser, bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”), from Gaulish *brus-, from Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”). Provided the word's form.
Cognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).
Pronunciation
- (UK, US) enPR: bro͞oz, IPA(key): /bɹuːz/
Audio (US) (file) - Homophone: brews
- Rhymes: -uːz
Verb
bruise (third-person singular simple present bruises, present participle bruising, simple past and past participle bruised)
- (transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it.
- (transitive) To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way.
- (intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly.
- Bananas bruise easily.
- (intransitive) To become bruised.
- I bruise easily.
- (intransitive) To fight with the fists; to box.
- 1854, Arthur Pendennis [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], The Newcomes: Memoirs of a Most Respectable Family, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], OCLC 809623158:
- Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English custom.
-
- (transitive, figurative) To harm or injure.
- Her thoughtless remarks bruised my ego.
- (transitive) To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring.
Derived terms
- bruise up
- bruiser
- bruising
Translations
strike (a person), giving them a bruise
|
cause fruit or vegetables to bruise
|
of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises
|
to get bruised
|
A bruise (def. 1) caused by a handrail
A bruise (def. 2) on a quince
Noun
bruise (plural bruises)
- A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
- A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.
Synonyms
- (medical): ecchymosis, contusion (technical term)
- See also Thesaurus:injury
Translations
medical: mark on the skin
|
mark on fruit or vegetable
|
Anagrams
- Uribes, buries, busier, rubies
Dutch
Verb
bruise
- (archaic) singular present subjunctive of bruisen
Irish
Noun
bruise f sg
- genitive singular of bruis (“brush; pubic hair”)
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| bruise | bhruise | mbruise |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “bruise”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN