bruir
Old French
Etymology
Borrowed from Frankish *brōjan (“to boil, burn”).
Verb
bruir
- to burn
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of bruir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | bruir | avoir broï, bruï | |||||
gerund | en bruiant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | bruiant | ||||||
past participle | broï, bruï | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses | present | brui | bruis | bruit | bruions | bruiiez | bruient |
imperfect | bruioie, bruieie | bruioies, bruieies | bruioit, bruieit | bruiiiens, bruiiens | bruiiiez, bruiiez | bruioient, bruieient | |
preterite | broï, bruï | broïs, bruïs | broï, bruï | broïmes, bruïmes | broïstes, bruïstes | broïrent, bruïrent | |
future | bruirai | bruiras | bruira | bruirons | bruiroiz, bruireiz, bruirez | bruiront | |
conditional | bruiroie, bruireie | bruiroies, bruireies | bruiroit, bruireit | bruiriiens, bruiriens | bruiriiez, bruiriez | bruiroient, bruireient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses | present | bruie | bruies | bruie | bruiiens, bruions | bruiiez | bruient |
imperfect | broïsse, bruïsse | broïsses, bruïsses | broïst, bruïst | broïssons, broïssiens, bruïssons, bruïssiens | broïssoiz, broïssez, broïssiez, bruïssoiz, bruïssez, bruïssiez | broïssent, bruïssent | |
compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | brui | — | bruions | bruiiez | — |
Descendants
- Middle French: bruir
- French: brouir (dialectal)
- ⇒ Old French: brusler, bruller, bruler, bruiller, broiller (merger with Old French usler)
- Middle French: brusler
- French: brûler
- Picard: bruleu (Athois)
- Walloon: brûler (Charleroi), brûlè (Forrières), broûler (Liégeois)
- → Middle English: broilen, broillen, broylen, broyllen, brulen
- English: broil
- Middle French: brusler