broyer
See also: broþer
French
Etymology
From Middle French broier, from Old French breier, breer, brier (“to break”), from Frankish *brekan (“to break”), from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). Cognate with Old Dutch brecan (“to break”), Old High German brehhan (“to break”), Old English brecan (“to break”), Spanish bregar (“to toil, to deal with”), Italian sbrigare (“to handle, to deal with”), Sicilian sbrija and sbrijuni (“lever to knead dough”). More at break.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʁwa.je/
audio (file)
Verb
broyer
- to crush, grind
Conjugation
This verb is part of a large group of -er verbs that conjugate like noyer or ennuyer. These verbs always replace the 'y' with an 'i' before a silent 'e'.
Conjugation of broyer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | broyer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | broyant /bʁwa.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | broyé /bʁwa.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | broie /bʁwa/ | broies /bʁwa/ | broie /bʁwa/ | broyons /bʁwa.jɔ̃/ | broyez /bʁwa.je/ | broient /bʁwa/ |
| imperfect | broyais /bʁwa.jɛ/ | broyais /bʁwa.jɛ/ | broyait /bʁwa.jɛ/ | broyions /bʁwaj.jɔ̃/ | broyiez /bʁwaj.je/ | broyaient /bʁwa.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | broyai /bʁwa.je/ | broyas /bʁwa.ja/ | broya /bʁwa.ja/ | broyâmes /bʁwa.jam/ | broyâtes /bʁwa.jat/ | broyèrent /bʁwa.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | broierai /bʁwa.ʁe/ | broieras /bʁwa.ʁa/ | broiera /bʁwa.ʁa/ | broierons /bʁwa.ʁɔ̃/ | broierez /bʁwa.ʁe/ | broieront /bʁwa.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | broierais /bʁwa.ʁɛ/ | broierais /bʁwa.ʁɛ/ | broierait /bʁwa.ʁɛ/ | broierions /bʁwa.ʁjɔ̃/ | broieriez /bʁwa.ʁje/ | broieraient /bʁwa.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | broie /bʁwa/ | broies /bʁwa/ | broie /bʁwa/ | broyions /bʁwaj.jɔ̃/ | broyiez /bʁwaj.je/ | broient /bʁwa/ |
| imperfect2 | broyasse /bʁwa.jas/ | broyasses /bʁwa.jas/ | broyât /bʁwa.ja/ | broyassions /bʁwa.ja.sjɔ̃/ | broyassiez /bʁwa.ja.sje/ | broyassent /bʁwa.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | broie /bʁwa/ | — | broyons /bʁwa.jɔ̃/ | broyez /bʁwa.je/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- broyer du noir
- broyeur
Further reading
- “broyer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.