brisid
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbʲɾʲɪʃɪdʲ/
Verb
brisid
- (archaic, Munster) third-person plural present indicative/subjunctive of bris
Usage notes
The modern standard forms are briseann siad in the indicative and go mbrise siad in the subjunctive.
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| brisid | bhrisid | mbrisid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- brissid
Etymology
Denominative from bres (“fight, combat”), from Proto-Celtic *brestā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰres- (“to burst, break”). Cognate with Old English berstan and Old High German brestan.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbʲrʲisʲiðʲ/
Verb
bris(s)id (conjunct ·bris(s)i, verbal noun bris(s)ed)
- to break, to smash
- to defeat
Inflection
Simple, class A II present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | brisid, brissid | bristir | ||||||
| Conj. | ·brisi, ·brissi; nod·mbrisi (with infixed pronoun d-) | ·brister, ·brisster | |||||||
| Rel. | brister, brisster | ||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | ·brissed | ||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | brisis, brissis, brisiss, brississ | briste | bristi | |||||
| Conj. | ·brisus, ·brisius | ·brisis, ·brissis, ·brisiss, ·brississ | ·bris, ·briss | ·brisiset | ·brissed | ||||
| Rel. | brisis, brissis, brisiss, brississ | ||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·brisius | ro·bris, ro·briss; ros·briss (with infixed pronoun s-) | ro·brisiset | |||||
| Prot. | ·robris | ||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·brisbedar | ||||||||
| Rel. | brisfes | ||||||||
| Conditional | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | brisid, brissid | |||||||
| Conj. | ·bris, ·briss | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·brissed | ||||||||
| Imperative | bris, briss | brissed | brisid, brissid | ·brister, ·brisster | |||||
| Verbal noun | brised, brissed | ||||||||
| Past participle | briste | ||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | bristi | ||||||||
Derived terms
- for·brissi
Descendants
- Irish: bris
- Manx: brish
- Scottish Gaelic: bris
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| brisid | brisid pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ | mbrisid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bris(s)id”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*brestā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 76