bravo
Translingual
Noun
bravo
- Alternative letter-case form of Bravo of the ICAO/NATO radiotelephony alphabet.
English
Etymology
From Italian bravo. Doublet of brave.
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈbɹɑvoʊ/, /bɹɑˈvoʊ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbɹɑːvəʊ/, /bɹɑːˈvəʊ/
- Rhymes: -ɑːvəʊ, Rhymes: -əʊ
Audio (CA) (file)
Noun
bravo (plural bravos or bravoes or bravi)
- (plural "bravi") A hired soldier; an assassin; a desperado.
- 1753, Theophilus Cibber, The Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and Ireland (1753):
- As for Rochester, he had not genius enough to enter the lists with Dryden, so he fell upon another method of revenge; and meanly hired bravoes to assault him.
- 1911, H. Rider Haggard, Red Eve:
- "Why should I fight the King of England's bravoes?" inquired Acour in a languid voice of those who stood about him, a question at which they laughed.
- 1953, Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, Penguin 2010, page 104:
- Because the headache will always be there, a weapon that never wears out and is as deadly as the bravo’s rapier or Lucrezia's poison vial.
-
- A shout of "bravo!"
- 1907, Kate Dickinson Sweetser, Boys and girls from Thackeray:
- There was a roar of bravoes rang through the house; Pen bellowing with the loudest.
-
- (international standards, plural "bravos") Alternative letter-case form of Bravo from the NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet.
Synonyms
- (hired soldier): see Thesaurus:mercenary
Interjection
bravo!
- Used to express acclaim, especially to a performer.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:well done
- Bravo, you have done a brilliant job!
Usage notes
Sometimes the (non-anglicized) Italian female form brava is used for a woman, and the Italian plural forms brave f pl and bravi pl (masculine or mixed).
Related terms
- bravissimo
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Verb
bravo (third-person singular simple present bravos or bravoes, present participle bravoing, simple past and past participle bravoed)
- To cheer or applaud, especially by saying bravo!
- 1910, May Agnes Fleming, The Baronet's Bride:
- "And my Sunbeam was bravoed, and encored, and crowned with flowers, was she not?"
- 1899, Richard Le Gallienne, Young Lives:
- Together they had bravoed the great tragedians, and together hopelessly worshipped the beautiful faces, enskied and sainted, of famous actresses.
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Asturian
Adjective
bravo
- neuter of bravu
French
Etymology
From Italian bravo. Doublet of brave.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʁa.vo/
Audio (file)
Interjection
bravo
- bravo!, hear, hear!, well said!, well done!
Noun
bravo m (plural bravos)
- (in the plural) applause, cheers
- swordsman
- Synonym: spadassin
Related terms
- bravache
- bravade
- brave
- bravement
- braver
- bravoure
Further reading
- “bravo”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɾaβo̝/
Etymology 1
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese bravo, from Latin barbarus,[1] which was frequently found in Galician medieval Latin documentation with the meaning of "uncultivated, fallow".[2] Alternatively from Vulgar Latin *bravus or *brabus, from a fusion of Latin prāvus and barbarus.
Adjective
bravo m (feminine singular brava, masculine plural bravos, feminine plural bravas)
- uncultivated, harsh, rough (when referring to a land)
- 1334, M. Lucas Alvarez & P. P. Lucas Domínguez (eds. ), San Pedro de Ramirás. Un monasterio femenino en la Edad Media. Santiago: Caixa Galicia, page 487:
- et nos dedes delle en cada ano terça do pan e do viño, e de lino e de liguma do feytuo, e do monte bravo que aromperdes
- and you'll give us each year a third of the grain and of the wine, of the flax, and of the pulses, and of the uncultivated lands that you could plough up
- et nos dedes delle en cada ano terça do pan e do viño, e de lino e de liguma do feytuo, e do monte bravo que aromperdes
- 1334, M. Lucas Alvarez & P. P. Lucas Domínguez (eds. ), San Pedro de Ramirás. Un monasterio femenino en la Edad Media. Santiago: Caixa Galicia, page 487:
- wild, spontaneous (when referring to a plant)
- Synonym: ventureiro
- wild, untamed (when referring to an animal)
- Synonym: salvaxe
- harsh, fierce
- 1364, Clara Rodríguez Núñez (ed.), "Santa María de Belvís, un convento mendicante femenino en la Baja Edad Media (1305-1400)", Estudios Mindonienses, 5, page 441:
- son ende quatro boys, dous bravos et dous massos
- there are four oxen: two are fierce and two are meek
- son ende quatro boys, dous bravos et dous massos
- Synonym: fero
- 1364, Clara Rodríguez Núñez (ed.), "Santa María de Belvís, un convento mendicante femenino en la Baja Edad Media (1305-1400)", Estudios Mindonienses, 5, page 441:
- strong (when referring to a beverage) or hot spicy
- Synonym: forte
- bold, valiant
- Synonyms: afouto, arriscado, valente
Derived terms
- besta brava (“wild horse”)
- Bravos
- porco bravo (“wild pig”)
- faneca brava (“lesser weever”)
Related terms
- bravádego (“copse”)
- braveiro (“sprout”)
- braveza (“braveness”)
- bravío (“wild”)
- bravún (“the odour of a wild animal”)
- bravura (“braveness”)
- embravecer (“to infuriate”)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Italian bravo.
Interjection
bravo!
- bravo!
References
- “bravo” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “bravo” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “bravo” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “bravo” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991), “bravo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
- barbaras in Gallaeciae Monumenta Historica.
Italian
Etymology
Uncertain. Probably from Vulgar Latin *bravus, from a fusion of Latin prāvus and barbarus.[1] Less likely from Provençal brau (“show-off”), from Gaulish *bragos (compare Middle Irish breagha (modern breá) 'fine', Breton braga 'to strut').[2] Or perhaps borrowed from a descendant of Proto-Germanic *hrawaz (“raw, uncooked”). Or possibly from a root *bravus, from bravium. Borrowed into French and English as brave.
Pierre Carpentier, in an 18th-century edition of du Cange's 17th-century dictionary of medieval and modern Latin, argued Latin branus originated in a misreading of Italian and Spanish bravo.[3] However, George Nicholson argues the opposite in a 1950 Festschrift article, namely bravo being a misreading of Latin branus, which would have the origin du Cange had originally argued for, from Old French brahaigne (“barren”) (see barren).[2] Compare English gravy, possibly a misreading of French grané (“stew”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbra.vo/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -avo
- Hyphenation: brà‧vo
Adjective
bravo (feminine brava, masculine plural bravi, feminine plural brave, superlative bravissimo)
- (prepositional) good, well-behaved
- good, skilful, capable, clever, fine
- good, obedient
- (obsolete) brave, bold
- (obsolete) wild, untamed (of animals)
- (obsolete) harsh (of places)
Related terms
- bravaccio
- bravamente
- bravare
- bravata
- bravazzo
- braveria
- bravino
- bravura
- brav'uomo
Interjection
bravo m (feminine brava, masculine plural bravi, feminine plural brave)
- well done!, good show!
- (theater) bravo!
Descendants
- → English: bravo
- → French: bravo
- → Italian: bravo
- → Romanian: bravo
- → Turkish: bravo
References
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991), “bravo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
- http://blog.oup.com/2013/11/brave-etymology-word-origin/
- http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/BRANA
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɾa.vu/
- Rhymes: -avu, (Northern Portugal) -abu
- Hyphenation: bra‧vo
Etymology 1
From Old Portuguese bravo, possibly from Vulgar Latin *bravus or *brabus, from a fusion of Latin prāvus and barbarus.
Adjective
bravo (feminine brava, masculine plural bravos, feminine plural bravas, comparable, comparative maisbravo, superlative o maisbravo or bravíssimo, diminutive bravinho, augmentative bravão)
- angry; furious, annoyed
- Fico bravo quando você entra sem bater.
- I get angry when you enter without knocking first.
- Synonyms: furioso, irado, raivoso, enraivecido, brabo
- brave; valiant, courageous
- Synonyms: valente, destemido, corajoso
- coarse; uneducated, uncivilized
- Synonyms: bárbaro, rude, grosseiro
- prone to irritation, easily angered, bad-tempered, choleric
- Synonyms: genioso, irritadiço, brabo
- rigorous, authoritarian
- Synonyms: rígido, rigoroso, severo, brabo
- (of a person, or situation) difficult, unmanageable
- Synonyms: ruço, difícil, brabo
- (of an animal) undomesticated
- Synonyms: bravio, silvestre, brabo
- (of a plant, or vegetable) spontaneous, weed
- Synonym: espontâneo
- (of the land) uncultivated
- Synonyms: bravio, inculto
- (of the sea) stormy
- Synonyms: tempestuoso, brabo
- (hypercorrect) Alternative form of brabo
Derived terms
- brabo
- bravamente
- braveza
- bravio
- bravura
- coelho-bravo
- embravecer
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Italian bravo.
Interjection
bravo!
- bravo! well done!
- Bravo! Você acertou!
- Bravo! You got it right!
Romanian
Etymology
From French bravo or Italian bravo.
Interjection
bravo
- bravo
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɾabo/ [ˈbɾa.β̞o]
- Rhymes: -abo
- Syllabification: bra‧vo
Etymology 1
From Old Spanish bravo, possibly from Vulgar Latin *bravus or *brabus, from a fusion of Latin prāvus and barbarus (or from metathesis of an intermediate form *babru-)[1].
Adjective
bravo (feminine brava, masculine plural bravos, feminine plural bravas, superlative bravísimo)
- angry, furious
- Synonyms: enojado, enfadado, fiero, mañoso
- bold, courageous
- Synonym: valiente
- skilful, capable, clever, fine
- good, excellent
- agitated (sea)
- wild (animal)
- Synonym: salvaje
Derived terms
- a la brava
- barra brava
- bravamente
- Bravos de Atlanta (“Atlanta Braves”)
- ganso bravo
- patatas bravas
- picha brava
- salsa brava
- toro bravo
Related terms
- bravear
- bravero
- braveza
- bravío
- bravucón
- bravura
- desbravar
- embravecer
Descendants
- → Belizean Creole: braabo, braabu
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Italian bravo.
Interjection
¡bravo!
- (in general use) well done!, good show!
- (at the theatre, etc) bravo!
Further reading
- “bravo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
References
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish براوو, from Italian bravo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /b(ɯ)ɾɑ.vo/
Interjection
bravo!
- well done!, good show!
- (theater) bravo!