bran

See also: Bran, braň, brán, brân, and brån

English

Etymology

wheat bran (1)

(2)

From Middle English bran, branne, bren, from Old French bren, bran (“bran, filth”), from Gaulish brennos (“rotten”), from Proto-Celtic *bragnos (“rotten, foul”) (compare Welsh braen (“stench”), Irish bréan (“rancid”), Walloon brin (“excrement”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (compare Latin fragrāre (“to smell strongly”), Dutch brak (“hound”)).

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation, US) IPA^(key): /ˈbɹæn/
Audio (UK) (file)
Rhymes: -æn

Noun

bran (countable and uncountable, plural brans)

The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain.
(ornithology) The European carrion crow.

Derived terms

bolt to the bran
bran-new
bran pie
bran tub
raisin bran

Translations

outside layer of a grain

Albanian: hime (sq) f
Arabic: نُخَالَة‎ f (nuḵāla)
Moroccan Arabic: نخّالة‎ f (nəḵḵæla)
Armenian: թեփ (hy) (tʿepʿ)
Azerbaijani: kəpək
Basque: zahi
Belarusian: во́труб'е n (vótrubʺje), вы́сеўкі pl (výsjeŭki)
Bikol Central: ata
Bulgarian: три́ци (bg) pl (tríci)
Catalan: segó m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 麩皮／麸皮 (zh) (fūpí), 麩／麸 (zh) (fū)
Crimean Tatar: kebek
Czech: otruby f pl
Danish: klid (da) n
Dutch: zemel (nl) m
Esperanto: brano
Finnish: lese (fi)
French: son (fr) m
Galician: relón (gl) m, muíña f, farelo (gl) m
Georgian: ქატო (kaṭo)
German: Kleie (de) f
Greek: πίτουρο (el) n (pítouro)
Ancient: πίτυρα n pl (pítura)
Hebrew: סובים‎ m (subím)
Hungarian: korpa (hu)
Irish: bran m
Italian: crusca (it) f, semola f
Japanese: 麸 (ja) (ふすま, fusuma) (wheat bran), 糠 (ja) (ぬか, nuka) (rice bran)
Khmer: កន្ទក់ (km) (kɑntŭək)
Korean: 겨 (ko) (gyeo), 기울 (ko) (giul)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: سۆس‎ (ku) (sos), کەپەک‎ (ku) (kepek)
Northern Kurdish: sivî (ku) f
Southern Kurdish: کەڵپ‎ (kellp), کەڵپەک‎ (kellpek)
Latin: acus (la) n, āplūda f, canicae f pl
Luxembourgish: Krësch (lb) m
Macedonian: три́ци pl (tríci)
Maori: pāpapa
Mongolian: хэвэг (mn) (xeveg), хивэг (mn) (xiveg), шигшдэс (mn) (šigšdes)
Plautdietsch: Kjlie m
Polish: otręby (pl) f pl
Portuguese: farelo (pt) m
Romanian: tărâțe f pl
Russian: о́труби (ru) f pl (ótrubi), вы́севки (ru) f pl (výsevki)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: мекиње pl
Roman: mekinje (sh) pl
Slovak: otruby (sk) f pl
Slovene: otrobi m pl
Spanish: salvado (es) m, acemite (es) m (archaic), afrecho (es) m
Swedish: kli (sv) n
Tagalog: darak
Tashelhit: ⵉⵍⴰⵎⵎⵏ m pl (ilammn)
Telugu: తవుడు (te) (tavuḍu)
Thai: รำ (th) (ram)
Turkish: kepek (tr)
Ukrainian: ви́сівки pl (výsivky)
Vietnamese: cám (vi)
Walloon: laton (wa) m, latons (wa) m pl (more frequently), grus (wa) m pl
Welsh: eisin pl

Anagrams

NRAB, barn

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *bran, from Proto-Celtic *branos, from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”).

Compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna.

Noun

bran m (plural brini)

crow, raven

Inflection

Mutation of bran

Breton consonant mutation
	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	bran	vran	unchanged	pran
plural	brini	vrini	unchanged	prini

Catalan

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *brandus, from Frankish *brand.

Pronunciation

(Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈbɾan/

Noun

bran m (plural brans)

broadsword

Related terms

brandar

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *bran, from Proto-Celtic *branos, from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”).

Compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [bɹæːn]

Noun

bran m (plural brini or briny)

crow

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈbran]

Noun

bran f

genitive plural of brána

Noun

bran f

genitive plural of brány

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bran, from Primitive Irish ᚁᚏᚐᚅᚐ (brana), from Proto-Celtic *branos, from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”) (compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna).

Noun

bran m (genitive singular brain, nominative plural brain)

(literary) raven
Synonym: fiach

Declension

Declension of bran

First declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bran	brain
Vocative	a bhrain	a bhrana
Genitive	brain	bran
Dative	bran	brain

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an bran	na brain
Genitive	an bhrain	na mbran
Dative	leis an mbran don bhran	leis na brain

Derived terms

branán m (“raven; a principal piece in ancient board-game set; prince”)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

bran m (genitive singular brain, nominative plural brain)

bream (Abramis brama)
Synonyms: bréan, deargán

Declension

Declension of bran

First declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bran	brain
Vocative	a bhrain	a bhrana
Genitive	brain	bran
Dative	bran	brain

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an bran	na brain
Genitive	an bhrain	na mbran
Dative	leis an mbran don bhran	leis na brain

Noun

bran m (genitive singular bran)

Clipping of bran (mór) (“bran”).
Clipping of bran beag (“pollard”).

Declension

Declension of bran

Fourth declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case	Singular
Nominative	bran
Vocative	a bhran
Genitive	bran
Dative	bran

Forms with the definite article

Case	Singular
Nominative	an bran
Genitive	an bhran
Dative	leis an mbran don bhran

Etymology 4

From English bran.

Noun

bran m (genitive singular bran)

bran

Declension

Declension of bran

Fourth declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case	Singular
Nominative	bran
Vocative	a bhran
Genitive	bran
Dative	bran

Forms with the definite article

Case	Singular
Nominative	an bran
Genitive	an bhran
Dative	leis an mbran don bhran

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bran	bhran	mbran
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Middle English

Alternative forms

branne, bren

Etymology

From Old French bren, from Gaulish *brennos (“rotten”), from Proto-Celtic *bragnos (“foul, rotten”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bran/, /brɛn/, /braːn/

Noun

bran

The ground husk of wheat

Descendants

English: bran
Yola: bran

References

“brā̆n, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Old French

Noun

bran m (oblique plural brans, nominative singular brans, nominative plural bran)

Alternative form of branc

Old Irish

Etymology

From Primitive Irish ᚁᚏᚐᚅᚐ (brana), from Proto-Celtic *branos (“raven”), from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”) (compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bran/

Noun

bran m (genitive brain or broin, nominative plural brain or broin)

raven
Synonyms: fiach, trogan

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	bran	bran^L	brain^L
Vocative	brain	bran^L	branu^H
Accusative	bran^N	bran^L	branu^H
Genitive	brain^L	bran	bran^N
Dative	bran^L	branaib	branaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Irish: bran

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
bran	bran pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/	mbran
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bran”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *bornь. Cognate with Polish broń.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bráːn/

Noun

brȃn f

defense

Inflection

Feminine, i-stem, mobile accent
nom. sing.	brán
gen. sing.	braní
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	brán	braní	braní
genitive (rodȋlnik)	braní	braní	braní
dative (dajȃlnik)	bráni	branéma	braném
accusative (tožȋlnik)	brán	braní	braní
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	bráni	branéh	branéh
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	branjó	branéma	branmí

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

bran

genitive dual/plural of brana

Welsh

Etymology

Borrowed from English bran.

Noun

bran m (uncountable)

bran (broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain), husks

Derived terms

bran gwenith (“wheat-bran”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
bran	fran	mran	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bran”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English bran, from Old French bran, bren, from Gaulish brennos.

Noun

bran

bran
- 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
  Aar was a gooude puddeen maate o bran.
  There was a good pudding made of bran.

References

Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 93

bran

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Translations

Further reading

Anagrams

Breton

Etymology

Noun

Inflection

See also

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Further reading

Cornish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Czech

Pronunciation

Noun

Noun

Irish

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Noun

Declension

Etymology 4

Noun

Declension

Mutation

Further reading

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

References

Old French

Noun

Old Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Descendants

Mutation

References

Slovene

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Etymology 2

Noun

Further reading

Welsh

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Yola

Etymology

Noun

References