borner
See also: Borner
French
Etymology
From borne.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɔʁ.ne/
Audio (file)
Verb
borner
- to limit, confine
- 1640, Pierre Corneille, “Act I, Scene I”, in Horace:
- Tes grands Destins / ne le borneront pas chez les peuples Latins
- Your [Rome's] great destiny / Shall not confine it [the Roman state] to the Latin peoples
-
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to confine oneself (à faire to doing something)
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to content oneself
Conjugation
Conjugation of borner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | borner | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | bornant /bɔʁ.nɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | borné /bɔʁ.ne/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | borne /bɔʁn/ | bornes /bɔʁn/ | borne /bɔʁn/ | bornons /bɔʁ.nɔ̃/ | bornez /bɔʁ.ne/ | bornent /bɔʁn/ |
imperfect | bornais /bɔʁ.nɛ/ | bornais /bɔʁ.nɛ/ | bornait /bɔʁ.nɛ/ | bornions /bɔʁ.njɔ̃/ | borniez /bɔʁ.nje/ | bornaient /bɔʁ.nɛ/ | |
past historic2 | bornai /bɔʁ.ne/ | bornas /bɔʁ.na/ | borna /bɔʁ.na/ | bornâmes /bɔʁ.nam/ | bornâtes /bɔʁ.nat/ | bornèrent /bɔʁ.nɛʁ/ | |
future | bornerai /bɔʁ.nə.ʁe/ | borneras /bɔʁ.nə.ʁa/ | bornera /bɔʁ.nə.ʁa/ | bornerons /bɔʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/ | bornerez /bɔʁ.nə.ʁe/ | borneront /bɔʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | bornerais /bɔʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ | bornerais /bɔʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ | bornerait /bɔʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ | bornerions /bɔʁ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ | borneriez /bɔʁ.nə.ʁje/ | borneraient /bɔʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | borne /bɔʁn/ | bornes /bɔʁn/ | borne /bɔʁn/ | bornions /bɔʁ.njɔ̃/ | borniez /bɔʁ.nje/ | bornent /bɔʁn/ |
imperfect2 | bornasse /bɔʁ.nas/ | bornasses /bɔʁ.nas/ | bornât /bɔʁ.na/ | bornassions /bɔʁ.na.sjɔ̃/ | bornassiez /bɔʁ.na.sje/ | bornassent /bɔʁ.nas/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | borne /bɔʁn/ | — | bornons /bɔʁ.nɔ̃/ | bornez /bɔʁ.ne/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “borner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.