bolond
Hungarian
Etymology
Borrowed from a Slavic language. Compare Polish błąd (“mistake”), Russian блуд (blud, “fornication”), from Proto-Slavic *blǫdъ.[1] Compare also unrelated German blöd.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbolond]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: bo‧lond
- Rhymes: -ond
Adjective
bolond (comparative bolondabb, superlative legbolondabb)
- crazy
- Synonyms: őrült, hülye
- silly, foolish
- Synonym: idétlen
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | bolond | bolondok |
| accusative | bolondot | bolondokat |
| dative | bolondnak | bolondoknak |
| instrumental | bolonddal | bolondokkal |
| causal-final | bolondért | bolondokért |
| translative | bolonddá | bolondokká |
| terminative | bolondig | bolondokig |
| essive-formal | bolondként | bolondokként |
| essive-modal | bolondul | — |
| inessive | bolondban | bolondokban |
| superessive | bolondon | bolondokon |
| adessive | bolondnál | bolondoknál |
| illative | bolondba | bolondokba |
| sublative | bolondra | bolondokra |
| allative | bolondhoz | bolondokhoz |
| elative | bolondból | bolondokból |
| delative | bolondról | bolondokról |
| ablative | bolondtól | bolondoktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | bolondé | bolondoké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | bolondéi | bolondokéi |
or less commonly
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | bolond | bolondak |
| accusative | bolondat | bolondakat |
| dative | bolondnak | bolondaknak |
| instrumental | bolonddal | bolondakkal |
| causal-final | bolondért | bolondakért |
| translative | bolonddá | bolondakká |
| terminative | bolondig | bolondakig |
| essive-formal | bolondként | bolondakként |
| essive-modal | bolondul | — |
| inessive | bolondban | bolondakban |
| superessive | bolondon | bolondakon |
| adessive | bolondnál | bolondaknál |
| illative | bolondba | bolondakba |
| sublative | bolondra | bolondakra |
| allative | bolondhoz | bolondakhoz |
| elative | bolondból | bolondakból |
| delative | bolondról | bolondakról |
| ablative | bolondtól | bolondaktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | bolondé | bolondaké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | bolondéi | bolondakéi |
Derived terms
See also the terms derived from the noun sense (below).
- bolondéria
- bolondít
- bolondos
- bolondozik
- bolondság
- bolondul
Compound words
- bolondgomba
Noun
bolond (plural bolondok)
- madman, lunatic
- Synonym: őrült
- fool, idiot
- Synonym: (colloquial) hülye
- (in compounds or with a possessive suffix) mad, crazy (about the specified thing)
- jester
- Synonym: udvari bolond
- (chess, obsolete) Synonym of futó (“bishop”)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | bolond | bolondok |
| accusative | bolondot | bolondokat |
| dative | bolondnak | bolondoknak |
| instrumental | bolonddal | bolondokkal |
| causal-final | bolondért | bolondokért |
| translative | bolonddá | bolondokká |
| terminative | bolondig | bolondokig |
| essive-formal | bolondként | bolondokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | bolondban | bolondokban |
| superessive | bolondon | bolondokon |
| adessive | bolondnál | bolondoknál |
| illative | bolondba | bolondokba |
| sublative | bolondra | bolondokra |
| allative | bolondhoz | bolondokhoz |
| elative | bolondból | bolondokból |
| delative | bolondról | bolondokról |
| ablative | bolondtól | bolondoktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | bolondé | bolondoké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | bolondéi | bolondokéi |
| Possessive forms of bolond | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | bolondom | bolondjaim |
| 2nd person sing. | bolondod | bolondjaid |
| 3rd person sing. | bolondja | bolondjai |
| 1st person plural | bolondunk | bolondjaink |
| 2nd person plural | bolondotok | bolondjaitok |
| 3rd person plural | bolondjuk | bolondjaik |
Derived terms
See also the terms derived from the adjective sense (above).
Compound words
- bolondokháza
Expressions
- bolondját járatja
- sült bolond
- udvari bolond
References
- bolond in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- bolond in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- bolond in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)