bolg

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish bolg, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbˠɔlˠəɡ/
(Aran) IPA^(key): /ˈbˠɔlək/

Noun

bolg m (genitive singular boilg, nominative plural boilg)

belly, stomach, abdomen
(by extension) bellyful
(geology, astronomy, etc.) bulge, broad part, middle (of equator, galaxy, etc.)
bag
(nautical) hold (of ship)
(nautical) bunt, belly (of sail)

Declension

Declension of bolg

First declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bolg	boilg
Vocative	a bhoilg	a bholga
Genitive	boilg	bolg
Dative	bolg	boilg

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an bolg	na boilg
Genitive	an bhoilg	na mbolg
Dative	leis an mbolg don bholg	leis na boilg

Derived terms

ar bholg an chuain (“in the open harbour”)
ar bholg na sráide (“in the open street”)
banda boilg (“belly-band”)
boilg an daorghalair (“piles, tumours of haemorrhoids”)
boilg fola (“glanders”)
boilg gabha (“smith's bellows”)
boilg leanna (“waters”)
boilg m pl (“bellows”)
bolgach
bolg bairille (“bilge of barrel”)
bolg béice (“puff-ball”)
bolg lampa (“bowl of lamp”)
bolg le gréin (“sunbathing”)
bolg loinge (“hold of ship”)
bolg rite (“distended, full stomach”)
bolg saighead (“quiver”)
bolg seoil (“belly of sail”)
bolg snámha (“air-bladder”)
bolg soláthair (“corpus, miscellany”)
bolg stoca (“fat indolent person”)
cos ar bolg (“oppression”)
crua sa bholg (“constipated”)
daigh bhoilg (“stomachache”)
do bholg a líonadh (“fill one's stomach, eat one's fill”)
fead bhoilg (“shrill sound in breathing”)
i mbolg an tsamhraidh (“during the longest days of the summer”)
i mbolg na bliana (“during the longest days of the year”)

Verb

bolg (present analytic bolgann, future analytic bolgfaidh, verbal noun bolgadh, past participle bolgtha)

(transitive, intransitive) bulge
(transitive, intransitive) blister

Conjugation

First Conjugation (A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	bolgaim	bolgann tú; bolgair^†	bolgann sé, sí	bolgaimid	bolgann sibh	bolgann siad; bolgaid^†	a bholgann; a bholgas / a mbolgann; a mbolgas	bolgtar
	past	bholg mé; bholgas	bholg tú; bholgais	bholg sé, sí	bholgamar; bholg muid	bholg sibh; bholgabhair	bholg siad; bholgadar	a bholg / ar bholg*	bolgadh
	past habitual	bholgainn / mbolgainn‡‡	bholgtá / mbolgtá‡‡	bholgadh sé, sí / mbolgadh sé, sí‡‡	bholgaimis; bholgadh muid / mbolgaimis‡‡; mbolgadh muid‡‡	bholgadh sibh / mbolgadh sibh‡‡	bholgaidís; bholgadh siad / mbolgaidís‡‡; mbolgadh siad‡‡	a bholgadh / a mbolgadh*	bholgtaí / mbolgtaí‡‡
	future	bolgfaidh mé; bolgfad	bolgfaidh tú; bolgfair^†	bolgfaidh sé, sí	bolgfaimid; bolgfaidh muid	bolgfaidh sibh	bolgfaidh siad; bolgfaid^†	a bholgfaidh; a bholgfas / a mbolgfaidh; a mbolgfas	bolgfar
conditional		bholgfainn / mbolgfainn‡‡	bholgfá / mbolgfá‡‡	bholgfadh sé, sí / mbolgfadh sé, sí‡‡	bholgfaimis; bholgfadh muid / mbolgfaimis‡‡; mbolgfadh muid‡‡	bholgfadh sibh / mbolgfadh sibh‡‡	bholgfaidís; bholgfadh siad / mbolgfaidís‡‡; mbolgfadh siad‡‡	a bholgfadh / a mbolgfadh*	bholgfaí / mbolgfaí‡‡
subjunctive	present	go mbolga mé; go mbolgad^†	go mbolga tú; go mbolgair^†	go mbolga sé, sí	go mbolgaimid; go mbolga muid	go mbolga sibh	go mbolga siad; go mbolgaid^†	—	go mbolgtar
subjunctive	past	dá mbolgainn	dá mbolgtá	dá mbolgadh sé, sí	dá mbolgaimis; dá mbolgadh muid	dá mbolgadh sibh	dá mbolgaidís; dá mbolgadh siad	—	dá mbolgtaí
imperative		bolgaim	bolg	bolgadh sé, sí	bolgaimis	bolgaigí; bolgaidh^†	bolgaidís	—	bolgtar
verbal noun		bolgadh
past participle		bolgtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bolg	bholg	mbolg
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish bolg, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [bolɡ]

Noun

bolg m (genitive singular bolgey, plural builg)

belly, stomach, abdomen, tummy
corporation
bilge
bowl (of lamp)

Derived terms

bolgagh

Mutation

Manx mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bolg	volg	molg
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bolg”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Irish

Alternative forms

bolc

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bolɡ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“belly”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”).

Noun

bolg m (genitive builg, nominative plural builg)

belly, stomach
bag, satchel
bellows

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	bolg	bolg^L	builg^L
Vocative	builg	bolg^L	bolgu^H
Accusative	bolg^N	bolg^L	bolgu^H
Genitive	builg^L	bolg	bolg^N
Dative	bolg^L	bolgaib	bolgaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

airbolg

Descendants

Irish: bolg
Manx: bolg
Scottish Gaelic: bolgan
⇒ Middle Irish: saigetbolc

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

bolg f (genitive unattested, nominative plural bolga)

blister, bubble, puffball
bud
boss

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	bolg^L	builg^L	bolga^H
Vocative	bolg^L	builg^L	bolga^H
Accusative	builg^N	builg^L	bolga^H
Genitive	builge^H	bolg^L	bolg^N
Dative	builg^L	bolgaib	bolgaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
bolg	bolg pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/	mbolg
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bolg m”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bolg f”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

bolg

Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Verb

Conjugation

Mutation

Further reading

Manx

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Noun

Inflection

Mutation

References