𡅏
|
Translingual
Han character
𡅏 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 口戈火廿 (RIFT), composition ⿰口禮)
References
- KangXi: not present, would follow page 215, character 5
- Unihan data for U+2114F
Chinese
simp. and trad. | 𡅏 | |
---|---|---|
nonstandard simp. | 𠲥 | |
alternative forms | 咧 禮/礼 |
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲) : semantic 口 + phonetic 禮 (lā̤).
Pronunciation
Definitions
𡅏 (Min Dong)
- Particle placed before a verb to indicate progressive aspect: to be ...-ing
- 我𡅏食飯。/我𡅏食饭。 [Min Dong] ― Nguāi lā̤ siăh>siĕh-*buông. / [ŋuai³³ l̃ɛ³³ sieʔ⁵⁻²¹ puɔŋ²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― I am eating.
- Particle placed after a verb to indicate continuous aspect: to be ...-ing
- 坐𡅏 [Min Dong] ― sô̤i lā̤ / [sɔy²⁴² l̃ɛ³³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― to be sitting
- Particle placed after a verb to indicate perfective aspect.
- 才看𡅏電影。 [Min Dong, trad.]
- Ciáh káng lā̤ diêng-īng. / [t͡siɑʔ²⁴ kʰɑŋ²¹³ l̃ɛ³³ tieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ (Ø-)ŋiŋ³³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
- [I] just watched a movie.
才看𡅏电影。 [Min Dong, simp.]
- to the extent that
- Particle placed between a verb or adjective and the main verb to indicate the state: -ly
- Particle placed after an adverb for emphasis.
- Modal particle used to indicate emphasis or exaggeration.
- Placed after a noun to indicate location.
Usage notes
- In the now-obsolete 简化字总表, 禮-礼 is listed in the first table in which non-analogizable pairs of simplified and traditional Chinese characters are collected. In the current standard 通用规范汉字表, neither 𡅏 nor 𠲥 is listed. Therefore, 𠲥 is a nonstandard simplified form. However, it is still widely used in Min Dong language dictionaries published in Mainland China.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 正在 (“in the process of; currently”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 正在, 刻正 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 正在, 在 |
Taiwan | 正在, 在 | |
Guilin | 在 | |
Malaysia | 正在, 在 | |
Singapore | 正在, 在 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處 |
Hong Kong | 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 喺度 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當, 在該, 當在 |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 當, 在該 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當, 在該 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當, 在該 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當, 在該 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 正在, 在遐 | |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 著𡅏, 𡅏 |
Fuqing | 著𡅏 | |
Singapore (Fuqing) | 著𡅏 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧 |
Quanzhou | 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧 | |
Zhangzhou | 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 當時 | |
Tainan | 佇咧, 咧, 當咧 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 佇 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 佇, 佇咧 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 佇咧, 咧 | |
Shantou | 在 | |
Shantou (Chaoyang) | 在 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 在 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 辣, 辣辣, 辣海 |
Ningbo | 來, 來的, 來該, 來當, 來東, 來勒 | |
Wenzhou | 是, 是搭 |
Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 矣1 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 了 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 了 |
Taiwan | 了 | |
Harbin | 了 | |
Yantai (Muping) | 了 | |
Jinan | 了 | |
Luoyang | 了 | |
Wanrong | 嘮 | |
Xi'an | 咧 | |
Yinchuan | 了 | |
Ürümqi | 咧 | |
Wuhan | 了 | |
Chengdu | 了 | |
Guiyang | 了 | |
Guilin | 了 | |
Liuzhou | 了 | |
Xuzhou | 了 | |
Yangzhou | 了 | |
Nanjing | 了 | |
Malaysia | 了 | |
Singapore | 了 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咗, 嘵 obsolete |
Hong Kong | 咗 | |
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 咗 | |
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 咗 | |
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 耗 | |
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 好 | |
Macau | 咗, 敲 | |
Guangzhou (Panyu) | 咗 | |
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 咗 | |
Guangzhou (Conghua) | 咗 | |
Foshan | 咗 | |
Foshan (Sanshui) | 咗 | |
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 咗 | |
Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 哺 | |
Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 咗 | |
Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 誒, 咗 | |
Taishan | 誒 | |
Kaiping (Chikan) | 誒 | |
Enping (Niujiang) | 誒 | |
Dongguan | 敲 | |
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 好 | |
Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 後, 咗 | |
Qingyuan | 咗 | |
Fogang | 咗 | |
Yingde (Hanguang) | 咗 | |
Shaoguan | 咗 | |
Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 咗 | |
Renhua | 咗 | |
Lechang | 咗 | |
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 咗 | |
Xinxing | 標 | |
Luoding | 咗 | |
Yangjiang | 都 | |
Nanning | 嗮 | |
Nanning (Tanka) | 嗮 | |
Wuzhou | 啊 | |
Hepu (Lianzhou) | 了 | |
Guiping | 畢 | |
Guiping (Mule) | 開, 了 | |
Pingnan | 開 | |
Guigang (Gangcheng) | 開 | |
Guigang (Pingdong) | 開, 了 | |
Beihai | 了 | |
Beihai (Nankang) | 了 | |
Beihai (Yingpan) | 了 | |
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 了, 咗 | |
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 咗 | |
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 了, 咗 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 咗 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 咗 | |
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 咗 | |
Móng Cái | 了, 咗 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 了 |
Lichuan | 了 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 了 |
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 拋, 阿 | |
Dongguan (Qingxi) | 開 | |
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 開 | |
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 開 | |
Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 哩 | |
Wuhua (Huacheng) | 哩 | |
Wuhua (Changbu) | 哩 | |
Wuhua (Mianyang) | 哩 | |
Yudu | 了 | |
Hong Kong | 開 | |
Senai (Huiyang) | 開 | |
Kuching (Hepo) | 了 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 了 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 咾 |
Xinzhou | 咾 | |
Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 了 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 了 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 了, 𡅏 |
Min Nan | Penang (Hokkien) | 了 |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 了 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 了, 咯 | |
Chaozhou | 了 | |
Shantou | 了 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 了 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 了 |
Wu | Shanghai | 仔, 了 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 仔 | |
Suzhou | 仔 | |
Hangzhou | 得, 了 | |
Ningbo | 仔 | |
Wenzhou | 爻 | |
Jinhua | 了 |
Vietnamese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 禮 (lễ)
Han character
𡅏: Nôm readings: lể[1][2], lẫy[1][2]
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References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Trần (2004).